大家好，我是编程的新手！我已经完成了我的第一个GUI计算器。我想以面向对象的方式重写它。我知道这是一个好主意，因为它将帮助我摆脱全局变量。但是我很难理解如何以正确的方式重新构造我的功能。
我的代码：
from tkinter import *
from math import *
root = Tk()
root.title("Calculator")
root.resizable(width=False, height=False)
screen = StringVar()
screen.set("0")
current = ""
power = ""
firstnum = ""
secondnum = ""
mathsign = ""
exponentiation = False
percent_active = False
def math_button_pressed():
if mathsign == '+':
button_plus.config(relief=SUNKEN)
elif mathsign == '-':
button_minus.config(relief=SUNKEN)
elif mathsign == '*':
button_multiply.config(relief=SUNKEN)
elif mathsign == '/':
button_division.config(relief=SUNKEN)
def math_button_raised():
button_plus.config(relief=RAISED)
button_minus.config(relief=RAISED)
button_multiply.config(relief=RAISED)
button_division.config(relief=RAISED)
def is_int(num):
if int(num) == float(num):
return int(num)
else:
return float(num)
def set_screen(num):
screen.set(is_int(num))
def number_pressed(butt):
global current, power, firstnum, secondnum
if mathsign == "" and not exponentiation:
current = current + str(butt)
firstnum = float(current)
elif mathsign != "" and not exponentiation:
math_button_raised()
current = current + str(butt)
secondnum = float(current)
elif mathsign == "" and exponentiation:
power = power + str(butt)
current = current + str(butt)
elif mathsign != "" and exponentiation:
power = power + str(butt)
current = current + str(butt)
print(power)
screen.set(current)
def math_pressed(math):
global current, power, mathsign, firstnum, secondnum, exponentiation, percent_active
if mathsign == "" and not exponentiation and not percent_active and firstnum != "":
mathsign = str(math)
math_button_pressed()
current = ""
elif mathsign != "" and not exponentiation and not percent_active:
if mathsign == '+':
firstnum = float(firstnum + secondnum)
elif mathsign == '-':
firstnum = float(firstnum - secondnum)
elif mathsign == '*':
firstnum = float(firstnum * secondnum)
elif mathsign == '/':
firstnum = float(firstnum / secondnum)
firstnum = round(firstnum, 6)
set_screen(firstnum)
elif mathsign != "" and exponentiation and not percent_active:
if mathsign == '+':
firstnum = firstnum + secondnum ** int(power)
elif mathsign == '-':
firstnum = firstnum - secondnum ** int(power)
elif mathsign == '*':
firstnum = firstnum * secondnum ** int(power)
elif mathsign == '/':
firstnum = firstnum / secondnum ** int(power)
firstnum = round(firstnum, 6)
exponentiation = False
set_screen(firstnum)
exponentiation = False
power = ""
elif exponentiation and not percent_active:
firstnum = round(firstnum ** int(power), 6)
exponentiation = False
set_screen(firstnum)
power = ""
elif percent_active:
if mathsign == '+':
firstnum = float(firstnum + firstnum / 100 * secondnum)
elif mathsign == '-':
firstnum = float(firstnum - firstnum / 100 * secondnum)
firstnum = round(firstnum, 6)
set_screen(firstnum)
percent_active = False
mathsign = str(math)
math_button_pressed()
current = ""
def squareroot():
global firstnum, secondnum, mathsign, current
if mathsign == "":
firstnum = round(sqrt(firstnum), 6)
set_screen(firstnum)
elif mathsign != "":
if mathsign == '+':
firstnum = sqrt(firstnum + float(secondnum))
elif mathsign == '-':
firstnum = sqrt(firstnum - float(secondnum))
elif mathsign == '*':
firstnum = sqrt(firstnum * float(secondnum))
elif mathsign == '/':
firstnum = sqrt(firstnum / float(secondnum))
firstnum = round(firstnum, 6)
set_screen(firstnum)
secondnum = ""
mathsign = ""
current = ""
def x():
global firstnum, secondnum, mathsign, current, exponentiation
if mathsign == "":
current = str(is_int(firstnum)) + '^'
elif mathsign != "":
current = str(is_int(secondnum)) + '^'
screen.set(current)
exponentiation = True
def result():
global firstnum, secondnum, mathsign, current, power, exponentiation, percent_active
if not exponentiation and not percent_active:
if mathsign == '+':
firstnum = float(firstnum + secondnum)
elif mathsign == '-':
firstnum = float(firstnum - secondnum)
elif mathsign == '*':
firstnum = float(firstnum * secondnum)
elif mathsign == '/':
firstnum = float(firstnum / secondnum)
firstnum = round(firstnum, 6)
set_screen(firstnum)
elif mathsign == "" and exponentiation and not percent_active:
firstnum = round(firstnum ** int(power), 6)
exponentiation = False
set_screen(firstnum)
elif mathsign != "" and exponentiation and not percent_active:
if mathsign == '+':
firstnum = firstnum + secondnum ** int(power)
elif mathsign == '-':
firstnum = firstnum - secondnum ** int(power)
elif mathsign == '*':
firstnum = firstnum * secondnum ** int(power)
elif mathsign == '/':
firstnum = firstnum / secondnum ** int(power)
firstnum = round(firstnum, 6)
exponentiation = False
set_screen(firstnum)
elif not exponentiation and percent_active:
if mathsign == '+':
firstnum = float(firstnum + firstnum / 100 * secondnum)
elif mathsign == '-':
firstnum = float(firstnum - firstnum / 100 * secondnum)
firstnum = round(firstnum, 6)
set_screen(firstnum)
percent_active = False
elif not exponentiation and mathsign == '*' or '/' and percent_active:
clear()
mathsign = ""
current = ""
power = ""
def clear():
global current, firstnum, secondnum, mathsign, power, exponentiation, percent_active
screen.set(0)
current = ""
power = ""
firstnum = ""
secondnum = ""
mathsign = ""
exponentiation = False
math_button_raised()
percent_active = False
def percent():
global firstnum, secondnum, current, percent_active
current = str(is_int(secondnum)) + '%'
screen.set(current)
percent_active = True
# Widgets
calculation = Entry(root, textvariable=screen, font=("Verdana", 15,), bd=12,
insertwidth=4, width=14, justify=RIGHT)
calculation.grid(columnspan=4)
# Numbers
button1 = Button(root, text='1', command=lambda: number_pressed(1), bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button1.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=W)
button2 = Button(root, text='2', command=lambda: number_pressed(2), bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button2.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=W)
button3 = Button(root, text='3', command=lambda: number_pressed(3), bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button3.grid(row=2, column=2, sticky=W)
button4 = Button(root, text='4', command=lambda: number_pressed(4), bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button4.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=W)
button5 = Button(root, text='5', command=lambda: number_pressed(5), bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button5.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=W)
button6 = Button(root, text='6', command=lambda: number_pressed(6), bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button6.grid(row=3, column=2, sticky=W)
button7 = Button(root, text='7', command=lambda: number_pressed(7), bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button7.grid(row=4, column=0, sticky=W)
button8 = Button(root, text='8', command=lambda: number_pressed(8), bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button8.grid(row=4, column=1, sticky=W)
button9 = Button(root, text='9', command=lambda: number_pressed(9), bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button9.grid(row=4, column=2, sticky=W)
button0 = Button(root, text='0', command=lambda: number_pressed(0), bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button0.grid(row=5, column=0, sticky=W)
button_float = Button(root, text='.', command=lambda: number_pressed('.'), bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=15, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button_float.grid(row=5, column=1)
# Math signs
button_plus = Button(root, text='+', command=lambda: math_pressed('+'), bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=11, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button_plus.grid(row=2, column=3, sticky=W)
button_minus = Button(root, text='-', command=lambda: math_pressed('-'), bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=11, pady=4, font=("Verdana", 14, "bold"))
button_minus.grid(row=3, column=3, sticky=W)
button_multiply = Button(root, text='*', command=lambda: math_pressed('*'), bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=13, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button_multiply.grid(row=4, column=3, )
button_division = Button(root, text='/', command=lambda: math_pressed('/'), bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=14, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button_division.grid(row=5, column=3, )
button_equal = Button(root, text='=', command=lambda: result(), bg='orange',
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Arial", 14))
button_equal.grid(row=5, column=2, )
button_percent = Button(root, text='%', command=lambda: percent(), bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=8, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button_percent.grid(row=1, column=3, )
button_clear = Button(root, text='C', command=lambda: clear(), bg='gray70',
bd=3, padx=11, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14))
button_clear.grid(row=1, column=0)
button_sqrt = Button(root, text='√', command=lambda: squareroot(), bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button_sqrt.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=W)
button_x = Button(root, text='x^y', command=lambda: x(), bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=6, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14))
button_x.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=W)
root.mainloop()
我已经尝试过这样做，我只需要了解如何添加我的功能：
from tkinter import *
from math import *
class Calculator:
def __init__(self, root):
self.screen = StringVar()
self.current = ""
self.power = ""
self.firstnum = ""
self.secondnum = ""
self.mathsign = ""
self.exponentiation = False
self.percent_active = False
# Widgets
calculation = Entry(root, textvariable=self.screen, font=("Verdana", 15,), bd=12,
insertwidth=4, width=14, justify=RIGHT)
calculation.grid(columnspan=4)
# Numbers
button1 = Button(root, text='1', bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button1.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=W)
button2 = Button(root, text='2', bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button2.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=W)
button3 = Button(root, text='3', bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button3.grid(row=2, column=2, sticky=W)
button4 = Button(root, text='4', bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button4.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=W)
button5 = Button(root, text='5', bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button5.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=W)
button6 = Button(root, text='6', bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button6.grid(row=3, column=2, sticky=W)
button7 = Button(root, text='7', bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button7.grid(row=4, column=0, sticky=W)
button8 = Button(root, text='8', bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button8.grid(row=4, column=1, sticky=W)
button9 = Button(root, text='9', bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button9.grid(row=4, column=2, sticky=W)
button0 = Button(root, text='0', bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button0.grid(row=5, column=0, sticky=W)
button_float = Button(root, text='.', bg="gainsboro",
bd=3, padx=15, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button_float.grid(row=5, column=1)
# Math signs
self.button_plus = Button(root, text='+', bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=11, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
self.button_plus.grid(row=2, column=3, sticky=W)
button_minus = Button(root, text='-', bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=11, pady=4, font=("Verdana", 14, "bold"))
button_minus.grid(row=3, column=3, sticky=W)
button_multiply = Button(root, text='*', bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=13, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button_multiply.grid(row=4, column=3, )
button_division = Button(root, text='/', bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=14, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button_division.grid(row=5, column=3, )
button_equal = Button(root, text='=', bg='orange',
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Arial", 14))
button_equal.grid(row=5, column=2, )
button_percent = Button(root, text='%', bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=8, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button_percent.grid(row=1, column=3, )
button_clear = Button(root, text='C', bg='gray70',
bd=3, padx=11, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14))
button_clear.grid(row=1, column=0)
button_sqrt = Button(root, text='√', bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=12, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14, "bold"))
button_sqrt.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky=W)
button_x = Button(root, text='x^y', bg="gray70",
bd=3, padx=6, pady=5, font=("Helvetica", 14))
button_x.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=W)
root = Tk()
Calculator(root)
root.mainloop()
感谢关注！