我已经制作了一个自定义HTTP服务器,该服务器为HTML页面提供一些文本,用于输入命令的输入文本框和一个提交按钮。收到表单提交后,服务器应运行给定命令并提供包含结果的响应。
我无法弄清楚的问题是如何获取表单提交请求的URL,以解析出要运行的命令。按照目前的实现,服务器在localhost:3838上运行,并且当客户端浏览到该URL时,服务器将使用该表单正确响应。当用户在文本框中输入(说)命令ls
并单击“运行”提交按钮时,将向localhost:3838/run?command=ls
发送请求。如何在服务器中获取该URL,以便解析并执行命令?
这是当前的服务器代码:
CwebServer.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <signal.h>
#define PORT "3838" //port being connected to
#define MAXLEN 800
#define BACKLOG 10 //number of pending connections to be held in queue
//format of html page
char header []=
"HTTP/1.1 200 Ok\r\n"
"Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n"
"<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n"
"<html>\n"
"<head>\n"
"<title>Web-Based Remote Command Server</title>\r\n"
"</head>\n"
"<body>\n\n";
char input []=
"<form action= \"/run\" method= \"GET\"> \n"
"Command: <input type=\"text\" size=\"100\" name=\"command\">\n"
"<input type=\"submit\" value=\"Run\">\n"
"</form>";
char output []=
"<p>Command that was run and testing this:</p>\n"
"<pre>Your server will include the command that was just run here.</pre>\n\n"
"<p>Standard Output:</p>\n""<pre>Your server will include the stdout results here.</pre>\n\n"
"<p>Standard Error:</p>\n"
"<pre>Your server will include the stderr results here.</pre>\r\n\r\n"
"</body>\r\n""</html>\r\n";
char *buff = header;
void sigchld_handler(int s)
{
(void)s; // quiet unused variable warning
// waitpid() might overwrite errno, so we save and restore it:
int saved_errno = errno;
while(waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0);
errno = saved_errno;
}
void *get_in_addr(struct sockaddr *sa)
{
if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET) {
return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr);
}
return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr);
}
int main (void){
int sockfd;
int new_fd;
struct addrinfo hints;
struct addrinfo *serverinfo;
struct addrinfo *p;
struct sockaddr_storage client_addr;
socklen_t addrsize;
struct sigaction sa;
int yes = 1;
char s[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
int status;
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints); //makes struct empty
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; //IPv4 or v6
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; //TCP type need
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; //Fill in IP for us
//if can't get address info print error
if((status = getaddrinfo(NULL, PORT, &hints, &serverinfo)) != 0){
fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(status));
return 1;
}
for(p = serverinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next){
if((sockfd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1){
perror("server: socket");
continue;
}
if(setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(int)) == -1){
perror("setsockopt");
exit(1);
}
if(bind(sockfd, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == -1){
close(sockfd);
perror("server: bind");
continue;
}
break;
}
freeaddrinfo(serverinfo);
if(p == NULL){
fprintf(stderr, "server: failed to bind\n");
exit(1);
}
if(listen(sockfd, BACKLOG) == -1){
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
sa.sa_handler = sigchld_handler; // reap all dead processes
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == -1) {
perror("sigaction");
exit(1);
}
printf("server: waiting for connections....\n");
while(1){
addrsize = sizeof client_addr;
new_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &addrsize);
if(new_fd == -1){
perror("Did not accept");
continue;
}
inet_ntop(client_addr.ss_family, get_in_addr((struct sockaddr *)&client_addr), s, sizeof s);
printf("server: got connection from %s\n", s);
if(!fork()){
close(sockfd);
int bufsize = 1024;
char *buffer = malloc(bufsize);
send(new_fd, header, bufsize, 0);
//write(new_fd, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n", 16);
//write(new_fd, "Content-length: 46\n", 19);
//write(new_fd, "Content-type: text/html\n\n", 25);
//write(new_fd, "<html><head>\n<head>\n<title>The CAvengers Web Page</title>\n</head>\n</html>", 46);
if(send(new_fd, buffer, MAXLEN, 0) == -1)
perror("send");
close(new_fd);
exit(0);
}
close(new_fd);
}
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:2)
Web服务器和客户端通过HTTP协议进行通信。这就是使它们成为 web 服务器的原因,而不是其他类型的服务器。 HTTP是一种请求/响应协议:客户端向服务器发送请求,该请求包含有关其请求内容的信息,服务器将处理该请求以确定如何响应。
您的特定服务器似乎打算实现HTTP 1.1。这不是该协议的最新版本,但是可以。世界上几乎每个HTTP客户端都了解该方言。但是您的服务器是一个功能最差的服务器,即使客户端实际上没有发送HTTP请求,它也会使用相同的HTTP响应来响应每个已建立的连接。
您的问题是如何获取请求URI。答案是通过accept()
返回的连接套接字从客户端读取。为此,可以使用read()
或recv()
函数。我上面链接的HTTP规范中描述了您期望客户端使用的格式,但是在非常简介中,您应该期望请求以请求方法名称(GET
开头,至少一个空格,请求URI和回车/换行符对。您将需要解析请求URI,以区分对表单的初始请求和表单提交,在后一种情况下,您还可以解析查询参数。
但是请注意,尽管HTTP是一个相对简单的协议,但它仍然比我刚刚描述的要复杂得多。