将一个函数传递给参数数量可以不同的C ++中的另一个函数

时间:2019-05-07 04:14:12

标签: c++ c++17 decorator

我正在处理C ++ 17中的一个问题,其中正在构建一个根求解器,该根求解器允许用户将用户定义的函数传递给根求解函数。下面显示了.cpp文件的类示例,原型.hpp文件中的原型。

// root.cpp
double RootSolver::newton(double guess, double right_side,
                          double (*func)(double),
                          double unc, int iter)
/**
Finds a specific root of a function using the Newton iteration
method

 @param guess      An initial guess for the value of the root
 @param right_side The value of the right side of the
                   function.
 @param func       The function for which the root will be
                   determined
 @param unc        The uncertainty or tolerance in the accepted
                   solution.  Defaulted to 0.001
 @param iter       The number of iterations to try before the
                   function fails.  Defaulted to 150.
 @return root
 */
{
    double x1, x2, x3, y1, y2, slope;
    x1 = guess;
    x2 = x1 + 0.0000001;
    for (int i = 0; i < iter; i++)
    {
        y1 = func(x1) - right_side;
        y2 = func(x2) - right_side;
        slope = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1);
        x3 = x1 - (y1 / slope);
        if (func(x3) - right_side <= unc and
            func(x3) - right_side >= -unc) return x3;
        x1 = x3;
        x2 = x1 + 0.0000001;
    }
    exit_program(iter);
}
// ================================================================
// RootSolver PRIVATE FUNCTIONS

[[noreturn]] void RootSolver::exit_program(int iter)
{
    std::string one("Function did not converge within ");
    std::string two(" iterations");
    std::cout << one << iter << two << std::endl;
    exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}

主文件如下:

double func1(double x);
double func2(double x, double a, double b);
int main() {
    RootSolver q;
    double guess = 2.0;
    double right_side = 0.0;
    // This function works fine
    result = q.newton(guess, right_side, func1)

    // - Not sure how to reformat RootSolver.newton so
         I can pass it func1 as well as func2 so it can
         accept the arguments a and b
    return 0;
}

double func1(double x)
{
    return pow(x, 6) - x - 1.0;
}

double func2(double x)
{
    return pow(x, 6) - a * x - b * 1.0;
}

上面的代码对func1非常有用,因为x是唯一的参数;但是,我不确定如何重新格式化RootSolver.newton函数,因此它将使用func1除了x之外不带任何参数,并接受func2和参数ab。有谁知道我如何将参数传递给函数newton,以使它不会为特定的输入函数进行硬编码?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

基于宽松的描述,听起来像是呼叫方Lambda解决了您的问题:

result = q.newton(guess, right_side, [](double x) {
    return func2(x, 0, 0); // Replace 0s with values of a and b.
});

此lambda根据需要转换为double(*)(double)。请注意,如果您需要捕获某些内容,这将不起作用,因为函数指针无法存储其他状态。有两种简单的方法可以解决这个问题。

  1. 制作一个模板(并将定义放在标题中):

    template<typename F>
      // requires std::is_invocable_r_v<double, F, double> // C++20 constraint option A
      // requires requires(F f, double x) { f(x) -> double; } // C++20 constraint option B - can be extracted into a concept
    double RootSolver::newton(double guess, double right_side,
                              F func,
                              double unc, int iter)
    
  2. 使用std::function时会牺牲一些性能:

    double RootSolver::newton(double guess, double right_side,
                              const std::function<double(double)>& func,
                              double unc, int iter)
    

答案 1 :(得分:2)

在这种情况下,您可以使用函数重载。

您可以在重载的版本中传递函数名称以及x,a和b作为参数,有点像这样(我现在只是考虑func,x,a和b,但您知道了):

1)重载了接受func1及其2参数的版本1

double newton(...<other parameters>..., double (*func)(double), double x)

2)重载了接受func2及其3参数的版本2

double newton(...<other parameters>..., double (*func)(double, double, double), double x, double a, double b)

现在,当您希望使用func1进行呼叫时,请使用:

newton(...., func1, x)

当您希望使用func2进行呼叫时,请使用:

newton(..., func2, x, a, b)