控制台应用程序不像Web应用程序那样将启动文件与配置服务一起使用,我正在努力理解依赖注入的关键概念。
(请注意下面的示例无法编译)
以下是我认为它应该如何工作的一个基本示例(请务必指出任何非常规或错误的内容):
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true)
.AddUserSecrets<Settings>()
.Build();
var services = new ServiceCollection()
.AddLogging(b => b
.AddConsole())
.AddDbContext<UnderstandingDIContext>(options =>
options.UseSqlite(builder.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")))
.BuildServiceProvider();
var logger = services.GetService<ILoggerFactory>()
.CreateLogger<Program>();
logger.LogInformation("Starting Application");
var worker = new Worker();
logger.LogInformation("Closing Application");
}
但是如何在“工人”类中使用这些服务?
public Worker(ILogger logger, IConfiguration configuration)
{
logger.LogInformation("Inside Worker Class");
var settings = new Settings()
{
Secret1 = configuration["Settings:Secret1"],
Secret2 = configuration["Settings:Secret2"]
};
logger.LogInformation($"Secret 1 is '{settings.Secret1}'");
logger.LogInformation($"Secret 2 is '{settings.Secret2}'");
using (var context = new UnderstandingDIContext())
{
context.Add(new UnderstandingDIModel()
{
Message = "Adding a message to the database."
});
}
}
UnderstandingDIContext
public class UnderstandingDIContext : DbContext
{
public UnderstandingDIContext(DbContextOptions<UnderstandingDIContext> options)
: base(options)
{ }
public DbSet<UnderstandingDIModel> UnderstandingDITable { get; set; }
}
此代码的问题如下:
Worker()希望传递ILogger和IConfiguration参数,但我认为依赖注入应该可以解决?
我无法运行“ dotnet ef迁移添加初始”,因为我没有正确传递连接字符串(错误:“无法创建类型为“ UnderstandingDIContext”的对象。”)
“使用(var context = new理解DIContext())”不会编译,因为我误解了DbContext位。
我搜索了很多内容,其中有很多针对Web应用程序的示例,而对于Console应用程序则很少。我只是完全误解了依赖注入的整个概念吗?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
使用构造函数注入时,仅当通过 依赖注入本身实际创建要创建的对象时,才能解决依赖关系。因此,使依赖注入在您的Worker
中起作用的关键是实际上也要通过依赖注入容器来解析Worker
。
这实际上很简单:
var services = new ServiceCollection()
.AddLogging(b => b.AddConsole())
.AddDbContext<UnderstandingDIContext>(options =>
options.UseSqlite(builder.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));
// register `Worker` in the service collection
services.AddTransient<Worker>();
// build the service provider
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
// resolve a `Worker` from the service provider
var worker = serviceProvider.GetService<Worker>();
var logger = serviceProvider.GetService<ILogger<Program>>();
logger.LogInformation("Starting Application");
worker.Run();
logger.LogInformation("Closing Application");
此外,由于您使用的数据库上下文默认情况下已注册为 scoped 依赖项,因此我建议您也创建一个服务范围-或更改数据库的生存期您注册时的上下文。
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
using (var scope = serviceProvider.CreateScope())
{
var worker = serviceProvider.GetService<Worker>();
worker.Run();
}
请注意,我还在您的工作人员上做了一个显式方法Run
,以免构造函数中没有逻辑。
public class Worker
{
private readonly ILogger<Worker> _logger = logger;
private readonly IConfiguration _configuration = configuration;
private readonly UnderstandingDIContext _dbContext = dbContext;
public Worker(ILogger<Worker> logger, IConfiguration configuration, UnderstandingDIContext dbContext)
{
_logger = logger;
_configuration = configuration;
_dbContext = dbContext;
}
public void Run()
{
_logger.LogInformation("Inside Worker Class");
var settings = new Settings()
{
Secret1 = configuration["Settings:Secret1"],
Secret2 = configuration["Settings:Secret2"]
};
_logger.LogInformation($"Secret 1 is '{settings.Secret1}'");
_logger.LogInformation($"Secret 2 is '{settings.Secret2}'");
_dbContext.Add(new UnderstandingDIModel()
{
Message = "Adding a message to the database."
});
_dbContext.SaveChanges();
}
}