如何从使用正则表达式测试的字符串中提取参数

时间:2019-04-30 18:58:31

标签: regex scala

我正在开发接收文本命令的应用程序:

例如文本命令play film ramboo first blood tv

首先,我需要测试命令匹配。然后,我需要从中提取参数:

media = film,
name = ramboo first blood
source = tv

为了进行匹配检查,我构建了正则表达式。

这是我的命令定义:

sealed trait WordLike {
  def parameter: String
}
case class Word(parameter: String, variants: Set[String] = Set.empty) extends WordLike
case class Any(parameter: String) extends WordLike


case class CommandDef(sentence: List[WordLike]) {

  private lazy val regexp = {

    def acc(r: String, sentence: List[WordLike]): String = {
      sentence match {
        case x :: xs =>
          x match {
            case Word(p, variants) => acc(r + "(" + variants.mkString("|") + ")", xs)
            case Any(p) => acc(r + ".*", xs)
          }
        case Nil => r
      }
    }
    acc("^", sentence) + "$"
  }

  def `match`(text: String): Boolean = text.matches(regexp)

}

上面示例中的正则表达式:^(play)(film|song).*(tv|pc)$

我这样使用我的代码:

val cmd = CommandDef(List(
  Word("play"),
  Word("media", variants = Set("film", "music")),
  Any("name"),
  Word("source", variants = Set("tv", "pc"))))


cmd.`match`("play film ramboo first blood tv")

我不知道如何从文本中提取参数。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

捕获组可用于提取参数

val pattern = """^(play) (film|song) (.*) (tv|pc)$""".r("command", "media", "name", "source")

pattern.findFirstMatchIn("play film ramboo first blood tv").foreach { m =>
  println(s"media = ${m.group("media")}")
  println(s"name = ${m.group("name")}")
  println(s"source = ${m.group("source")}")

输出:

media = film
name = ramboo first blood
source = tv

答案 1 :(得分:0)

@ olik1回答中的正则表达式很好,但是使用match取消选择可能会更干净:

val CommmandPattern = """^(play) (film|song) (.*) (tv|pc)$""".r

def matchCommand(s: String) =
  s match {
    case CommmandPattern(command, media, name, source) =>
      println(s"command=$command, nedia=$media, name=$name, source=$source")
    case _ =>
      println("Failed to parse command")
  }

这会将匹配的值直接放入变量中,并允许进行清晰的错误处理。如果您想要更灵活的语法,还可以向match添加多个模式。