仅从日期开始计算夏令时

时间:2011-04-08 04:27:22

标签: datetime arduino dst

我正在使用Arduino和实时时钟芯片。芯片可以补偿闰年等,所以它总是有正确的日期,但它不能处理夏令时,我认为由于区域复杂性。时钟可以给我一天,一个月和一年(基于1)和星期几(星期日= 0到星期六= 6)。

因为我需要与用户输入的日期和时间进行比较,我需要知道夏令时调整的日期和时间。如果当前日期是夏令时,我可以简单地从时钟上加一小时,我就拥有了我需要的东西。

困难的部分是确定我是否在夏令时,因为它每年都在变化。我只关心它在我的位置(山区时间)有效。我的平台似乎没有任何全面的日期库,我觉得无论如何都会有点过头了。是否有一个简单的公式来确定我是否在使用DST?

9 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:38)

这实际上看似简单。有一些事实可以帮助我们:

  1. 在美国的大部分地区,DST从3月的第二个星期日开始,到11月的第一个星期日,凌晨2点结束。
  2. 3月的第二个星期日将始终在8日至14日之间。
  3. 11月的第一个星期日将始终在1日至7日之间。
  4. 星期几编号很方便,因为星期几会给你上一个星期天。
  5. 这些事实导致了以下代码(C#,但可以轻松地移植到您的平台上):

        public bool IsDST(int day, int month, int dow)
        {
            //January, february, and december are out.
            if (month < 3 || month > 11) { return false; }
            //April to October are in
            if (month > 3 && month < 11) { return true; }
            int previousSunday = day - dow;
            //In march, we are DST if our previous sunday was on or after the 8th.
            if (month == 3) { return previousSunday >= 8; }
            //In november we must be before the first sunday to be dst.
            //That means the previous sunday must be before the 1st.
            return previousSunday <= 0;
        }
    

    事实证明,你甚至不需要知道这一年的时间,只要你可以相信你的星期值。

    我写了一个快速的单元测试,并确认此代码与1800 {22}的所有日期的TimeZone.IsDayLightSavingsTime()一致。我没有考虑到凌晨2点的规则,但你可以很容易地检查当天的周是星期日,日期是8到14(3月)或1和7(11月)。

答案 1 :(得分:11)

中欧代码(2014-3000年范围内每天测试)

    public static bool IsDst(int day, int month, int dow)
    {
        if (month < 3 || month > 10)  return false; 
        if (month > 3 && month < 10)  return true; 

        int previousSunday = day - dow;

        if (month == 3) return previousSunday >= 25;
        if (month == 10) return previousSunday < 25;

        return false; // this line never gonna happend
    }

测试功能

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        TimeZoneInfo tzf2 = TimeZoneInfo.FindSystemTimeZoneById("Central Europe Standard Time");

        var date = new DateTime(2014, 01, 1, 5, 0,0);
        bool wasSummer = false;

        while (date <= new DateTime(3000,1,1))
        {                                         
            var dow = (int) date.DayOfWeek;

            var isDst = IsDst(date.Day, date.Month, dow);               

            DateTime f2 = TimeZoneInfo.ConvertTime(date, tzf2);
            var isSummer = f2.IsDaylightSavingTime();

            if (isSummer != isDst)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("ERROR");
                Console.WriteLine(date);
            }

            if (isSummer != wasSummer)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(date.AddDays(-1).ToShortDateString());
            }

            date = date.AddDays(1);
            wasSummer = isSummer;
        }

        Console.ReadKey();

}

答案 2 :(得分:2)

虽然根据当前规则很容易计算特定日期是否在特定地点的DST中,但请注意DST是政治家的心血来潮,并且可能随时改变。我有一个2007年之前制造的时钟,可以自动调整夏令时,现在我必须每年更改四次次:实际更改发生时两次,现在错误更改两次本身就是旧日期。

在这种情况下,您可以通过简单的方便用户输入时区以及日期和时间来完全忽略DST。或者你可以像大多数消费者设备一样,让用户每年两次调整到当地时区的时间。

但是如果你真的需要处理DST并且真的想要做正确的事情,请使用zoneinfo database并确保它可以以某种方式更新。如果由于某种原因无法做到这一点,至少允许用户覆盖规则。即使这太难了,至少可以让用户选择关闭自动调整(不像我的愚蠢闹钟)。

答案 3 :(得分:0)

3月14日和11月7日总是在美国节日发生的一周中的一部分......它们可能是星期日或星期六或星期几,但它们始终是其中的一部分周。下面的代码将找到星期日,即这两个日期是相关日期发生的年份的一部分。然后它会在此日期增加2小时以获得实际发生夏令时的时间。然后,您将有问题的日期与夏令时开始日期和结束日期进行比较,并通过gmt偏移量调整时间。此过程适用于其他国家/地区的开始和结束日期。您可以设置一个包含每个国家/地区代码和邮政编码的表格,其中包括夏令时结束和开始日期以及两个期间的gmt偏移量。日期是一个月的第一个到第四个星期日的第7天,第14天,第21天和第28天。你会在9月30日或10月31日之前的最后一个星期日放入最长的一天。

三月的第二个星期天:

cdate("3/14/" & format(now(),"yyyy"))-format(cdate("3/14/" & format(now(),"yyyy")),"W")+1+2/24

11月1日星期日:

cdate("11/7/" & format(now(),"yyyy"))-format(cdate("11/7/" & format(now(),"yyyy")),"W")+1+2/24

实施例

If(now() < cdate("3/14/" & format(now(),"yyyy"))-format(cdate("3/14/" & format(now(),"yyyy")),"W")+1+2/24, dateadd("H",-5,now()), if(now() < cdate("11/7/" & format(now(),"yyyy"))-format(cdate("11/7/" & format(now(),"yyyy")),"W")+1+2/24, dateadd("H",-6,now()), dateadd("H",-5,now())))

t_SQL示例

CASE WHEN [date2check]&lt; DATEADD(hh,2,CAST(&#39; 3/14 /&#39; + CAST(DATEPART(yyyy,[date2check])AS nvarchar(4))AS datetime)  + 1 - DATEPART(w,CAST(&#39; 3/14 /&#39; + CAST(DATEPART(yyyy,[date2check])AS nvarchar(4))AS datetime)))那么dateadd(hh, - DST_GMT_TM_ZN_DIFF ,   [date2check])ELSE CASE WHEN [date2check]&lt; DATEADD(hh,2,CAST(&#39; 11/7 /&#39; + CAST(DATEPART(yyyy,   [date2check])AS nvarchar(4))AS datetime)+ 1 - DATEPART(w,CAST(&#39; 11/7 /&#39; + CAST(DATEPART(yyyy,[date2check])AS nvarchar(4) )  AS datetime)))那么dateadd(hh, - STD_GMT_TM_ZN_DIFF,[date2check])ELSE dateadd(hh, - DST_GMT_TM_ZN_DIFF,   [date2check])END END

答案 4 :(得分:0)

我正在尝试这种方法,我认为它简单而准确:

// 3月的第一个星期日,好像DoW = 1表示周日 if(month == 3&amp;&amp; day&gt; = 8&amp;&amp; day&lt; = 14&amp;&amp; DoW = 1)返回True

// 11月的第二个星期日,好像DoW = 1星期日 if(month == 11&amp;&amp; day&gt; = 1&amp;&amp; day&lt; = 7&amp;&amp; DoW = 1)返回True

答案 5 :(得分:0)

这是我的答案,我欢迎任何更正。假设这些年份在2000年至2099年之间。通过参考链接提供更多详细信息。

  int timezone = 0;  // Set to correct initial value depending on where you are (or via GPS if you like).
  // Calculate day of week for Daylight savings time.
  int day_of_week = (day_of_month + int(2.6 * (((month + 12 - 3) % 12) + 1) - 0.2) - 40 + 
              (month < 3 ? year-1 : year) + int((month < 3 ? year-1 : year)/4) + 5) % 7;
  // Adjust timezone based on Daylight savings time for northern hemisphere, USA
  if ((month  >  3 && month < 11 ) || 
      (month ==  3 && day_of_month >= 8 && day_of_week == 0 && hour >= 2) ||  // DST starts 2nd Sunday of March;  2am
      (month == 11 && day_of_month <  8 && day_of_week >  0) ||
      (month == 11 && day_of_month <  8 && day_of_week == 0 && hour < 2)) {   // DST ends 1st Sunday of November; 2am
    timezone++;
  }

星期几计算参考:How to determine the day of the week, given the month, day and year
DST测试参考是通过captncraig回答的这篇文章以及我自己对他的答案的推理和解释。

答案 6 :(得分:0)

此代码使用mktime来获取一周中的某一天。它使用一周中的某一天来计算夏令时。如果您不想使用mktime,可以使用程序second_sunday。从2007年3月14日开始,即星期三。一周中的每一天将每年提前1天,并且在2004年之后每次飞跃提前2天。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/timeb.h>


int isDst(int month, int dayOfMonth, int hour, int dayOfWeek);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int isdst, dayOfWeek;
   char buf[80];
   struct tm tmData;

   if( argc == 1 )
   {
      printf("\nsyntax: %s mm/dd/yyyy_hh:mm:00", argv[0]);
      return -1;
   }

   // 0123456789A12
   // 03/12/2018_12
   strcpy(buf, argv[1]);
   tmData.tm_mon   = atoi(&buf[0]) - 1;  //month -1
   tmData.tm_mday  = atoi(&buf[3]); //day of month
   tmData.tm_year  = atoi(&buf[6]) - 1900; // year - 1900
   tmData.tm_hour  = atoi(&buf[11]); // hour
   tmData.tm_min   = 0; //minutes (not used)
   tmData.tm_sec   = 0; //seconds (not used)
   //tmData.tm_min   = atoi(&buf[14]);
   //tmData.tm_sec   = atoi(&buf[27]);

   //day light saving time variable.
   //NOT used in this calculation.
   //Tells mktime the input date is in day light saving time
   tmData.tm_isdst = 0; //

   mktime(&tmData);
   dayOfWeek = tmData.tm_wday;

   printf("%02d/%02d/%2d_%02d dayWk=%d ",
      tmData.tm_mon+1, tmData.tm_mday, tmData.tm_year, tmData.tm_hour, dayOfWeek);
   isdst = isDst(tmData.tm_mon+1, tmData.tm_mday, tmData.tm_hour, dayOfWeek);
   printf("isdst=%d\n", isdst);

   return 0;
}


int isDst(int month, int dayOfMonth, int hour, int dayOfWeek)
{
   int second_sunday, first_sunday;

   if( month  > 3 && month < 11  ) return 1; //4,5,6,7,8,9,10
   if( month  < 3 || month == 12 ) return 0; //1, 2 or 12
   if( month == 3 )
   {
      //The 2nd Sunday in March is 8,9,10,11,12,13,14
      if( dayOfMonth < 8  ) return 0;
      if( dayOfMonth > 14 ) return 1;

      //To get here dayOfMonth >= 8 && dayOfMonth <= 14
      second_sunday = dayOfMonth - dayOfWeek;
      if( second_sunday < 8 ) second_sunday += 7;
printf("2nd_Sunday=%2d ", second_sunday);
      if( dayOfMonth > second_sunday ) return 1;
      if( dayOfMonth < second_sunday ) return 0;

      //To get here dayOfMonth = second_sunday
      if( hour >= 2 ) return 1;
      else return 0;
   }

   if( month == 11 )
   {
      //The 1st Sunday in Nov is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7
      if( dayOfMonth > 7 ) return 0;

      //To get here dayOfMonth >= 1 && dayOfMonth <= 7
      first_sunday = dayOfMonth - dayOfWeek;
      if( first_sunday < 1 ) first_sunday += 7;
printf("1st_Sunday=%2d ", first_sunday);
      if( dayOfMonth > first_sunday ) return 0;
      if( dayOfMonth < first_sunday ) return 1;

      //To get here dayOfMonth = first_sunday
      if( hour >= 2 ) return 0;
      else return 1;
   }
   return -1;
}
/**************
   Compile via   cl.exe  isDst.c

   Begin and End dates for day light saving time
   03/11/2007_01:00:00    11/04/2007_01:00:00
   03/09/2008_01:00:00    11/02/2008_01:00:00
   03/08/2009_01:00:00    11/01/2009_01:00:00
   03/14/2010_01:00:00    11/07/2010_01:00:00
   03/13/2011_01:00:00    11/06/2011_01:00:00
   03/11/2012_01:00:00    11/04/2012_01:00:00
   03/10/2013_01:00:00    11/03/2013_01:00:00
   03/09/2014_01:00:00    11/02/2014_01:00:00
   03/08/2015_01:00:00    11/01/2015_01:00:00
   03/13/2016_01:00:00    11/06/2016_01:00:00
   03/12/2017_01:00:00    11/05/2017_01:00:00
   03/11/2018_01:00:00    11/04/2018_01:00:00
   03/10/2019_01:00:00    11/03/2019_01:00:00
   03/08/2020_01:00:00    11/01/2020_01:00:00
   03/14/2021_01:00:00    11/07/2021_01:00:00
   03/13/2022_01:00:00    11/06/2022_01:00:00
   03/12/2023_01:00:00    11/05/2023_01:00:00
   03/10/2024_01:00:00    11/03/2024_01:00:00
   03/09/2025_01:00:00    11/02/2025_01:00:00
   03/08/2026_01:00:00    11/01/2026_01:00:00
   03/14/2027_01:00:00    11/07/2027_01:00:00
   03/12/2028_01:00:00    11/05/2028_01:00:00
   03/11/2029_01:00:00    11/04/2029_01:00:00
   03/10/2030_01:00:00    11/03/2030_01:00:00
   03/09/2031_01:00:00    11/02/2031_01:00:00
   03/14/2032_01:00:00    11/07/2032_01:00:00

   isDst.exe 03/11/2007_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/09/2008_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/08/2009_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/14/2010_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/13/2011_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/11/2012_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/10/2013_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/09/2014_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/08/2015_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/13/2016_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/12/2017_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/11/2018_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/10/2019_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/08/2020_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/14/2021_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/13/2022_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/12/2023_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/10/2024_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/09/2025_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/08/2026_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/14/2027_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/12/2028_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/11/2029_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/10/2030_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/09/2031_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 03/14/2032_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/04/2007_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/02/2008_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/01/2009_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/07/2010_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/06/2011_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/04/2012_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/03/2013_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/02/2014_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/01/2015_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/06/2016_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/05/2017_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/04/2018_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/03/2019_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/01/2020_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/07/2021_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/06/2022_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/05/2023_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/03/2024_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/02/2025_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/01/2026_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/07/2027_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/05/2028_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/04/2029_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/03/2030_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/02/2031_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   isDst.exe 11/07/2032_02:00:00  >> dst.txt
   https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5590429/calculating-daylight-saving-time-from-only-date
***************/



/*****
The previous programs used mktime to compute day_of_week.
It used day_of_week to compute 2nd_sunday in march and
1st_sunday in Nov.
If you don't want to use mktime, you can use this program to
compute 2nd_sunday.  The same technique will compute 1st_sunday.

On 03/14/2007, the day of the week is Wed, or 3.
Every year after 2007, the day of the week advances 1 day.
on leap years, the day of the week advances 2 days.
Must include the no. of leap years sinc 2004.
******/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

int secondSunday(year);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int year, second_sunday;

   if( argc == 1 )
   {
      printf("\nsyntax: %s year, with year >= 2007.\n", argv[0]);
      return -1;
   }

   year = atoi(argv[1]);
   if( year < 2007 )
   {
      printf("\nsyntax: %s year, with year >= 2007.\n", argv[0]);
      return -1;
   }

   second_sunday = secondSunday(year);
   printf("second_sunday=%d\n", second_sunday);

   return 0;
}


int secondSunday(year)
{
   //On 03/14/2007, the day of the week is Wed, or 3.
   int no_years, no_leaps, day_of_week, second_sunday;

   no_years = year - 2007;
   no_leaps = (year - 2004)/4;
   day_of_week = 3 + (no_years + no_leaps) % 7;
   second_sunday = 14 - day_of_week;
   if( second_sunday < 8 ) second_sunday += 7;

   //printf("no_years=%d,no_leaps=%d,day_of_week=%d, second_sunday=%d\n",
   //no_years, no_leaps, day_of_week, second_sunday);

   return second_sunday;
}
/**************
   Compile via   cl.exe  second_sunday.c

   second_sunday.exe 2007
   second_sunday.exe 2008
   second_sunday.exe 2009
   second_sunday.exe 2010
   second_sunday.exe 2011
   second_sunday.exe 2012
   second_sunday.exe 2013
   second_sunday.exe 2014
   second_sunday.exe 2015
   second_sunday.exe 2016
   second_sunday.exe 2017
   second_sunday.exe 2018
   second_sunday.exe 2019
   second_sunday.exe 2020
   second_sunday.exe 2021
   second_sunday.exe 2022
   second_sunday.exe 2023
   second_sunday.exe 2024
   second_sunday.exe 2025
   second_sunday.exe 2026
   second_sunday.exe 2027
   second_sunday.exe 2028
   second_sunday.exe 2029
   second_sunday.exe 2030
   second_sunday.exe 2031
   second_sunday.exe 2032
***************/

答案 7 :(得分:0)

我发现这一切都很有帮助。巴西有一些特殊问题,南半球,有时狂欢节与秋季更改日期重叠。

在这些情况下,立法机关将夏令时推迟了一周。美国海军天文台计算可以找到复活节(在http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/easter.php,于1/3/2017检索),狂欢节是确切的天数,即灰烬周三之前的周末(狂欢节的意思是“脂肪星期二”) )。

所以,在C中:

Selenium

答案 8 :(得分:0)

如果有人在python中寻找它,这里有一篇很棒的文章: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/425607-findng-the-xth-day-in-a-month/

它包含以下代码:

from calendar import monthrange

def dow_date_finder(which_weekday_in_month=FIRST,day=MONDAY,month=JANUARY,year=2000):
    bom, days = monthrange(year, month)
    firstmatch = (day - bom) % 7 + 1
    return xrange(firstmatch, days+1, 7)[which_weekday_in_month]

请记住,您需要在页面上方的链接上显示所有变量,以使其更加用户友好。

以下内容适用于2007年或以后的任何年份:

def find_dt_of_daylight_savings_time(yr=date.today().year):
    dst = {}
    spring = dow_date_finder(SECOND, SUNDAY, MARCH, yr)
    spring_dt = datetime(int(yr), 3, spring, 3, 0)
    dst['spring'] = spring_dt
    fall = dow_date_finder(FIRST, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER, yr)
    fall_dt = datetime(int(yr), 11, fall, 3, 0)
    dst['fall'] = fall_dt
    return dst