我正在使用Arduino和实时时钟芯片。芯片可以补偿闰年等,所以它总是有正确的日期,但它不能处理夏令时,我认为由于区域复杂性。时钟可以给我一天,一个月和一年(基于1)和星期几(星期日= 0到星期六= 6)。
因为我需要与用户输入的日期和时间进行比较,我需要知道夏令时调整的日期和时间。如果当前日期是夏令时,我可以简单地从时钟上加一小时,我就拥有了我需要的东西。
困难的部分是确定我是否在夏令时,因为它每年都在变化。我只关心它在我的位置(山区时间)有效。我的平台似乎没有任何全面的日期库,我觉得无论如何都会有点过头了。是否有一个简单的公式来确定我是否在使用DST?
答案 0 :(得分:38)
这实际上看似简单。有一些事实可以帮助我们:
这些事实导致了以下代码(C#,但可以轻松地移植到您的平台上):
public bool IsDST(int day, int month, int dow)
{
//January, february, and december are out.
if (month < 3 || month > 11) { return false; }
//April to October are in
if (month > 3 && month < 11) { return true; }
int previousSunday = day - dow;
//In march, we are DST if our previous sunday was on or after the 8th.
if (month == 3) { return previousSunday >= 8; }
//In november we must be before the first sunday to be dst.
//That means the previous sunday must be before the 1st.
return previousSunday <= 0;
}
事实证明,你甚至不需要知道这一年的时间,只要你可以相信你的星期值。
我写了一个快速的单元测试,并确认此代码与1800 {22}的所有日期的TimeZone.IsDayLightSavingsTime()
一致。我没有考虑到凌晨2点的规则,但你可以很容易地检查当天的周是星期日,日期是8到14(3月)或1和7(11月)。
答案 1 :(得分:11)
中欧代码(2014-3000年范围内每天测试)
public static bool IsDst(int day, int month, int dow)
{
if (month < 3 || month > 10) return false;
if (month > 3 && month < 10) return true;
int previousSunday = day - dow;
if (month == 3) return previousSunday >= 25;
if (month == 10) return previousSunday < 25;
return false; // this line never gonna happend
}
测试功能
static void Main(string[] args)
{
TimeZoneInfo tzf2 = TimeZoneInfo.FindSystemTimeZoneById("Central Europe Standard Time");
var date = new DateTime(2014, 01, 1, 5, 0,0);
bool wasSummer = false;
while (date <= new DateTime(3000,1,1))
{
var dow = (int) date.DayOfWeek;
var isDst = IsDst(date.Day, date.Month, dow);
DateTime f2 = TimeZoneInfo.ConvertTime(date, tzf2);
var isSummer = f2.IsDaylightSavingTime();
if (isSummer != isDst)
{
Console.WriteLine("ERROR");
Console.WriteLine(date);
}
if (isSummer != wasSummer)
{
Console.WriteLine(date.AddDays(-1).ToShortDateString());
}
date = date.AddDays(1);
wasSummer = isSummer;
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
答案 2 :(得分:2)
虽然根据当前规则很容易计算特定日期是否在特定地点的DST中,但请注意DST是政治家的心血来潮,并且可能随时改变。我有一个2007年之前制造的时钟,可以自动调整夏令时,现在我必须每年更改四次次:实际更改发生时两次,现在错误更改两次本身就是旧日期。
在这种情况下,您可以通过简单的方便用户输入时区以及日期和时间来完全忽略DST。或者你可以像大多数消费者设备一样,让用户每年两次调整到当地时区的时间。
但是如果你真的需要处理DST并且真的想要做正确的事情,请使用zoneinfo database并确保它可以以某种方式更新。如果由于某种原因无法做到这一点,至少允许用户覆盖规则。即使这太难了,至少可以让用户选择关闭自动调整(不像我的愚蠢闹钟)。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
3月14日和11月7日总是在美国节日发生的一周中的一部分......它们可能是星期日或星期六或星期几,但它们始终是其中的一部分周。下面的代码将找到星期日,即这两个日期是相关日期发生的年份的一部分。然后它会在此日期增加2小时以获得实际发生夏令时的时间。然后,您将有问题的日期与夏令时开始日期和结束日期进行比较,并通过gmt偏移量调整时间。此过程适用于其他国家/地区的开始和结束日期。您可以设置一个包含每个国家/地区代码和邮政编码的表格,其中包括夏令时结束和开始日期以及两个期间的gmt偏移量。日期是一个月的第一个到第四个星期日的第7天,第14天,第21天和第28天。你会在9月30日或10月31日之前的最后一个星期日放入最长的一天。
三月的第二个星期天:
cdate("3/14/" & format(now(),"yyyy"))-format(cdate("3/14/" & format(now(),"yyyy")),"W")+1+2/24
11月1日星期日:
cdate("11/7/" & format(now(),"yyyy"))-format(cdate("11/7/" & format(now(),"yyyy")),"W")+1+2/24
实施例
If(now() < cdate("3/14/" & format(now(),"yyyy"))-format(cdate("3/14/" & format(now(),"yyyy")),"W")+1+2/24, dateadd("H",-5,now()), if(now() < cdate("11/7/" & format(now(),"yyyy"))-format(cdate("11/7/" & format(now(),"yyyy")),"W")+1+2/24, dateadd("H",-6,now()), dateadd("H",-5,now())))
t_SQL示例
CASE WHEN [date2check]&lt; DATEADD(hh,2,CAST(&#39; 3/14 /&#39; + CAST(DATEPART(yyyy,[date2check])AS nvarchar(4))AS datetime) + 1 - DATEPART(w,CAST(&#39; 3/14 /&#39; + CAST(DATEPART(yyyy,[date2check])AS nvarchar(4))AS datetime)))那么dateadd(hh, - DST_GMT_TM_ZN_DIFF , [date2check])ELSE CASE WHEN [date2check]&lt; DATEADD(hh,2,CAST(&#39; 11/7 /&#39; + CAST(DATEPART(yyyy, [date2check])AS nvarchar(4))AS datetime)+ 1 - DATEPART(w,CAST(&#39; 11/7 /&#39; + CAST(DATEPART(yyyy,[date2check])AS nvarchar(4) ) AS datetime)))那么dateadd(hh, - STD_GMT_TM_ZN_DIFF,[date2check])ELSE dateadd(hh, - DST_GMT_TM_ZN_DIFF, [date2check])END END
答案 4 :(得分:0)
我正在尝试这种方法,我认为它简单而准确:
// 3月的第一个星期日,好像DoW = 1表示周日 if(month == 3&amp;&amp; day&gt; = 8&amp;&amp; day&lt; = 14&amp;&amp; DoW = 1)返回True
// 11月的第二个星期日,好像DoW = 1星期日 if(month == 11&amp;&amp; day&gt; = 1&amp;&amp; day&lt; = 7&amp;&amp; DoW = 1)返回True
答案 5 :(得分:0)
这是我的答案,我欢迎任何更正。假设这些年份在2000年至2099年之间。通过参考链接提供更多详细信息。
int timezone = 0; // Set to correct initial value depending on where you are (or via GPS if you like).
// Calculate day of week for Daylight savings time.
int day_of_week = (day_of_month + int(2.6 * (((month + 12 - 3) % 12) + 1) - 0.2) - 40 +
(month < 3 ? year-1 : year) + int((month < 3 ? year-1 : year)/4) + 5) % 7;
// Adjust timezone based on Daylight savings time for northern hemisphere, USA
if ((month > 3 && month < 11 ) ||
(month == 3 && day_of_month >= 8 && day_of_week == 0 && hour >= 2) || // DST starts 2nd Sunday of March; 2am
(month == 11 && day_of_month < 8 && day_of_week > 0) ||
(month == 11 && day_of_month < 8 && day_of_week == 0 && hour < 2)) { // DST ends 1st Sunday of November; 2am
timezone++;
}
星期几计算参考:How to determine the day of the week, given the month, day and year
DST测试参考是通过captncraig回答的这篇文章以及我自己对他的答案的推理和解释。
答案 6 :(得分:0)
此代码使用mktime来获取一周中的某一天。它使用一周中的某一天来计算夏令时。如果您不想使用mktime,可以使用程序second_sunday。从2007年3月14日开始,即星期三。一周中的每一天将每年提前1天,并且在2004年之后每次飞跃提前2天。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/timeb.h>
int isDst(int month, int dayOfMonth, int hour, int dayOfWeek);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int isdst, dayOfWeek;
char buf[80];
struct tm tmData;
if( argc == 1 )
{
printf("\nsyntax: %s mm/dd/yyyy_hh:mm:00", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
// 0123456789A12
// 03/12/2018_12
strcpy(buf, argv[1]);
tmData.tm_mon = atoi(&buf[0]) - 1; //month -1
tmData.tm_mday = atoi(&buf[3]); //day of month
tmData.tm_year = atoi(&buf[6]) - 1900; // year - 1900
tmData.tm_hour = atoi(&buf[11]); // hour
tmData.tm_min = 0; //minutes (not used)
tmData.tm_sec = 0; //seconds (not used)
//tmData.tm_min = atoi(&buf[14]);
//tmData.tm_sec = atoi(&buf[27]);
//day light saving time variable.
//NOT used in this calculation.
//Tells mktime the input date is in day light saving time
tmData.tm_isdst = 0; //
mktime(&tmData);
dayOfWeek = tmData.tm_wday;
printf("%02d/%02d/%2d_%02d dayWk=%d ",
tmData.tm_mon+1, tmData.tm_mday, tmData.tm_year, tmData.tm_hour, dayOfWeek);
isdst = isDst(tmData.tm_mon+1, tmData.tm_mday, tmData.tm_hour, dayOfWeek);
printf("isdst=%d\n", isdst);
return 0;
}
int isDst(int month, int dayOfMonth, int hour, int dayOfWeek)
{
int second_sunday, first_sunday;
if( month > 3 && month < 11 ) return 1; //4,5,6,7,8,9,10
if( month < 3 || month == 12 ) return 0; //1, 2 or 12
if( month == 3 )
{
//The 2nd Sunday in March is 8,9,10,11,12,13,14
if( dayOfMonth < 8 ) return 0;
if( dayOfMonth > 14 ) return 1;
//To get here dayOfMonth >= 8 && dayOfMonth <= 14
second_sunday = dayOfMonth - dayOfWeek;
if( second_sunday < 8 ) second_sunday += 7;
printf("2nd_Sunday=%2d ", second_sunday);
if( dayOfMonth > second_sunday ) return 1;
if( dayOfMonth < second_sunday ) return 0;
//To get here dayOfMonth = second_sunday
if( hour >= 2 ) return 1;
else return 0;
}
if( month == 11 )
{
//The 1st Sunday in Nov is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7
if( dayOfMonth > 7 ) return 0;
//To get here dayOfMonth >= 1 && dayOfMonth <= 7
first_sunday = dayOfMonth - dayOfWeek;
if( first_sunday < 1 ) first_sunday += 7;
printf("1st_Sunday=%2d ", first_sunday);
if( dayOfMonth > first_sunday ) return 0;
if( dayOfMonth < first_sunday ) return 1;
//To get here dayOfMonth = first_sunday
if( hour >= 2 ) return 0;
else return 1;
}
return -1;
}
/**************
Compile via cl.exe isDst.c
Begin and End dates for day light saving time
03/11/2007_01:00:00 11/04/2007_01:00:00
03/09/2008_01:00:00 11/02/2008_01:00:00
03/08/2009_01:00:00 11/01/2009_01:00:00
03/14/2010_01:00:00 11/07/2010_01:00:00
03/13/2011_01:00:00 11/06/2011_01:00:00
03/11/2012_01:00:00 11/04/2012_01:00:00
03/10/2013_01:00:00 11/03/2013_01:00:00
03/09/2014_01:00:00 11/02/2014_01:00:00
03/08/2015_01:00:00 11/01/2015_01:00:00
03/13/2016_01:00:00 11/06/2016_01:00:00
03/12/2017_01:00:00 11/05/2017_01:00:00
03/11/2018_01:00:00 11/04/2018_01:00:00
03/10/2019_01:00:00 11/03/2019_01:00:00
03/08/2020_01:00:00 11/01/2020_01:00:00
03/14/2021_01:00:00 11/07/2021_01:00:00
03/13/2022_01:00:00 11/06/2022_01:00:00
03/12/2023_01:00:00 11/05/2023_01:00:00
03/10/2024_01:00:00 11/03/2024_01:00:00
03/09/2025_01:00:00 11/02/2025_01:00:00
03/08/2026_01:00:00 11/01/2026_01:00:00
03/14/2027_01:00:00 11/07/2027_01:00:00
03/12/2028_01:00:00 11/05/2028_01:00:00
03/11/2029_01:00:00 11/04/2029_01:00:00
03/10/2030_01:00:00 11/03/2030_01:00:00
03/09/2031_01:00:00 11/02/2031_01:00:00
03/14/2032_01:00:00 11/07/2032_01:00:00
isDst.exe 03/11/2007_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/09/2008_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/08/2009_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/14/2010_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/13/2011_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/11/2012_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/10/2013_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/09/2014_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/08/2015_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/13/2016_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/12/2017_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/11/2018_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/10/2019_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/08/2020_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/14/2021_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/13/2022_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/12/2023_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/10/2024_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/09/2025_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/08/2026_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/14/2027_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/12/2028_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/11/2029_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/10/2030_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/09/2031_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 03/14/2032_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/04/2007_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/02/2008_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/01/2009_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/07/2010_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/06/2011_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/04/2012_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/03/2013_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/02/2014_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/01/2015_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/06/2016_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/05/2017_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/04/2018_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/03/2019_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/01/2020_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/07/2021_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/06/2022_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/05/2023_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/03/2024_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/02/2025_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/01/2026_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/07/2027_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/05/2028_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/04/2029_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/03/2030_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/02/2031_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
isDst.exe 11/07/2032_02:00:00 >> dst.txt
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5590429/calculating-daylight-saving-time-from-only-date
***************/
/*****
The previous programs used mktime to compute day_of_week.
It used day_of_week to compute 2nd_sunday in march and
1st_sunday in Nov.
If you don't want to use mktime, you can use this program to
compute 2nd_sunday. The same technique will compute 1st_sunday.
On 03/14/2007, the day of the week is Wed, or 3.
Every year after 2007, the day of the week advances 1 day.
on leap years, the day of the week advances 2 days.
Must include the no. of leap years sinc 2004.
******/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
int secondSunday(year);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int year, second_sunday;
if( argc == 1 )
{
printf("\nsyntax: %s year, with year >= 2007.\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
year = atoi(argv[1]);
if( year < 2007 )
{
printf("\nsyntax: %s year, with year >= 2007.\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
second_sunday = secondSunday(year);
printf("second_sunday=%d\n", second_sunday);
return 0;
}
int secondSunday(year)
{
//On 03/14/2007, the day of the week is Wed, or 3.
int no_years, no_leaps, day_of_week, second_sunday;
no_years = year - 2007;
no_leaps = (year - 2004)/4;
day_of_week = 3 + (no_years + no_leaps) % 7;
second_sunday = 14 - day_of_week;
if( second_sunday < 8 ) second_sunday += 7;
//printf("no_years=%d,no_leaps=%d,day_of_week=%d, second_sunday=%d\n",
//no_years, no_leaps, day_of_week, second_sunday);
return second_sunday;
}
/**************
Compile via cl.exe second_sunday.c
second_sunday.exe 2007
second_sunday.exe 2008
second_sunday.exe 2009
second_sunday.exe 2010
second_sunday.exe 2011
second_sunday.exe 2012
second_sunday.exe 2013
second_sunday.exe 2014
second_sunday.exe 2015
second_sunday.exe 2016
second_sunday.exe 2017
second_sunday.exe 2018
second_sunday.exe 2019
second_sunday.exe 2020
second_sunday.exe 2021
second_sunday.exe 2022
second_sunday.exe 2023
second_sunday.exe 2024
second_sunday.exe 2025
second_sunday.exe 2026
second_sunday.exe 2027
second_sunday.exe 2028
second_sunday.exe 2029
second_sunday.exe 2030
second_sunday.exe 2031
second_sunday.exe 2032
***************/
答案 7 :(得分:0)
我发现这一切都很有帮助。巴西有一些特殊问题,南半球,有时狂欢节与秋季更改日期重叠。
在这些情况下,立法机关将夏令时推迟了一周。美国海军天文台计算可以找到复活节(在http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/easter.php,于1/3/2017检索),狂欢节是确切的天数,即灰烬周三之前的周末(狂欢节的意思是“脂肪星期二”) )。
所以,在C中:
Selenium
答案 8 :(得分:0)
如果有人在python中寻找它,这里有一篇很棒的文章: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/425607-findng-the-xth-day-in-a-month/
它包含以下代码:
from calendar import monthrange
def dow_date_finder(which_weekday_in_month=FIRST,day=MONDAY,month=JANUARY,year=2000):
bom, days = monthrange(year, month)
firstmatch = (day - bom) % 7 + 1
return xrange(firstmatch, days+1, 7)[which_weekday_in_month]
请记住,您需要在页面上方的链接上显示所有变量,以使其更加用户友好。
以下内容适用于2007年或以后的任何年份:
def find_dt_of_daylight_savings_time(yr=date.today().year):
dst = {}
spring = dow_date_finder(SECOND, SUNDAY, MARCH, yr)
spring_dt = datetime(int(yr), 3, spring, 3, 0)
dst['spring'] = spring_dt
fall = dow_date_finder(FIRST, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER, yr)
fall_dt = datetime(int(yr), 11, fall, 3, 0)
dst['fall'] = fall_dt
return dst