此代码在turtle.screen()上显示交通信号灯。我正在尝试在代码中添加一个倒数计时器,该计时器应显示在交通信号灯下方的乌龟屏幕上,而不是python终端上。
import turtle
import time
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.title("traffic lights")
wn.bgcolor("black")
#box
pen = turtle.Turtle()
pen.color("yellow")
pen.width(3)
pen.hideturtle()
pen.penup()
pen.goto(-30, 60)
pen.pendown()
pen.fd(60)
pen.rt(90)
pen.fd(120)
pen.rt(90)
pen.fd(60)
pen.rt(90)
pen.fd(120)
#red
red_light = turtle.Turtle()
red_light.shape("circle")
red_light.color("grey")
red_light.penup()
red_light.goto(0,40)
#yellow
yellow_light= turtle.Turtle()
yellow_light.shape("circle")
yellow_light.color("grey")
yellow_light.penup()
yellow_light.goto(0,0)
#green
green_light= turtle.Turtle()
green_light.shape("circle")
green_light.color("grey")
green_light.penup()
green_light.goto(0,-40)
while True:
yellow_light.color("grey")
red_light.color("red")
time.sleep(4)
red_light.color("grey")
green_light.color("green")
time.sleep(3)
green_light.color("grey")
yellow_light.color("yellow")
time.sleep(2)
我可以在哪里添加计数器代码,以便可以在海龟屏幕上显示
答案 0 :(得分:0)
添加这种功能的一个困难是该程序的构建不正确。在像乌龟这样的事件驱动世界中,应避免使用while True:
和time.sleep(4)
之类的东西。而是考虑使用乌龟自己的ontimer()
方法,该方法做得更好,并且可以很好地处理事件。
要做的第一件事是修复代码以使用状态机,并ontimer()
更改指示灯:
def state_machine():
if red_light.pencolor() == 'red':
red_light.color('grey')
green_light.color('green')
screen.ontimer(state_machine, 3000)
elif green_light.pencolor() == 'green':
green_light.color('grey')
yellow_light.color('yellow')
screen.ontimer(state_machine, 2000)
elif yellow_light.pencolor() == 'yellow':
yellow_light.color('grey')
red_light.color('red')
screen.ontimer(state_machine, 4000)
要使其正常工作,其中一个灯必须开始点亮,而不是灰色。一旦运行,我们还可以添加一个倒数计时器:
def countdown(seconds):
count.clear()
count.write(seconds, align='center', font=FONT)
seconds -= 1
if seconds > 0:
screen.ontimer(lambda s=seconds: countdown(s), 1000)
将它们放在一起:
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
FONT = ('Arial', 18, 'normal')
screen = Screen()
screen.title("Traffic Lights")
screen.bgcolor('black')
# box
pen = Turtle(visible=False)
pen.color('yellow')
pen.width(3)
pen.penup()
pen.goto(-30, 60)
pen.pendown()
for _ in range(2):
pen.fd(60)
pen.rt(90)
pen.fd(120)
pen.rt(90)
# count down timer
count = Turtle(visible=False)
count.color('white')
count.penup()
count.sety(-100)
# red light
red_light = Turtle('circle')
red_light.color('grey')
red_light.penup()
red_light.sety(40)
# yellow light
yellow_light = Turtle('circle')
yellow_light.color('yellow') # initially on
yellow_light.penup()
# green light
green_light = Turtle('circle')
green_light.color('grey')
green_light.penup()
green_light.sety(-40)
def countdown(seconds):
count.clear()
count.write(seconds, align='center', font=FONT)
seconds -= 1
if seconds > 0:
screen.ontimer(lambda s=seconds: countdown(s), 1000)
def state_machine():
if red_light.pencolor() == 'red':
red_light.color('grey')
green_light.color('green')
countdown(3)
screen.ontimer(state_machine, 3000)
elif green_light.pencolor() == 'green':
green_light.color('grey')
yellow_light.color('yellow')
countdown(2)
screen.ontimer(state_machine, 2000)
elif yellow_light.pencolor() == 'yellow':
yellow_light.color('grey')
red_light.color('red')
countdown(4)
screen.ontimer(state_machine, 4000)
state_machine()
screen.exitonclick()
此方法的另一个优点是,当您退出原始代码时,由于关闭窗口与sleep()
调用不同步,通常会收到十行错误消息。在上面的修订代码中,关闭窗口可以干净地退出,并且没有错误消息,因为一切都处于同步状态。