我如何在没有继承的情况下一起使用多个类？

Question

我目前正在学习课程并随手进行应用，但是遇到一个我不确定如何通过的问题：

我不知道如何定义一个拥有武器的角色。

我在其他地方研究了这个问题，但是它总是导致继承，我想避免这种继承，因为这没有意义。有什么办法吗？我将在下面显示与该问题相关的代码，然后在下面显示所用类的完整代码。

相关代码

武器课

class weapon:

    def __init__ (self):
        <constructor>

    def set_attack (self, attack):
        self.attack = attack

    def get_attack (self):
        return self.attack

字符类

class character:

    def __init__ (self):
        <constructor>

    def set_attack (self, amount):
        self.attack = amount

    def get_attack (self):
        return self.attack

完整代码

武器课

class weapon:

    def __init__ (self, name, attack, crit_chance, crit_bonus, rarity, type_bonus):
        self.name = name
        self.attack = attack
        self.crit_chance = crit_chance
        self.crit_bonus = crit_bonus
        self.rarity = rarity
        self.type_bonus = type_bonus

    def set_name (self, name):
        self.name = name

    def set_attack (self, attack):
        self.attack = attack

    def set_crit_chance (self, crit_chance):
        self.crit_chance = crit_chance

    def set_crit_bonus (self, crit_bonus):
        self.crit_bonus = crit_bonus

    def set_rarity (self, rarity):
        self.rarity = rarity

    def set_type_bonus (self, type_bonus):
        self.type_bonus = type_bonus

    def get_name (self):
        return self.name

    def get_attack (self):
        return self.attack

    def get_crit_chance (self):
        return self.crit_chance

    def get_crit_bonus (self):
        return self.crit_bonus

    def get_rarity (self):
        return self.rarity

    def get_type_bonus (self):
        return self.type_bonus

字符类

class character:

    def __init__ (self, name, max_health, current_health, attack):
        self.name = name
        self.max_health = max_health
        self.current_health = current_health
        self.attack = attack

    def set_name (self, name):
        self.name = name

    def set_max_health (self, amount):
        self.max_amount = amount

    def set_current_health (self, amount):
        self.current_health = amount

    def set_attack (self, amount):
        self.attack = amount

    def get_name (self):
        return self.name

    def get_max_health (self):
        return self.max_health

    def get_current_health (self):
        return self.current_health

    def get_attack (self):
        return self.attack

从角色类继承的玩家类

class player (character):

    def __init__ (self, name, max_health, current_health, attack, money, level, xp):
        super().__init__(name, max_health, current_health, attack)
        self.money = money
        self.level = level
        self.xp = xp

    def set_money (self, amount):
        self.money = amount

    def set_level (self, amount):
        self.level = amount

    def set_xp (self, amount):
        self.xp = amount

    def get_money (self):
        return self.money

    def get_level (self):
        return self.level

    def get_xp (self):
        return self.xp

我期望从角色继承的玩家能够使用与该角色相关联的武器对象的值进行攻击。 感谢您提供任何信息。强调文字

Answer 1

Character类将具有一个字段，该字段是Weapon类的实例，如下所示：

class Character:

    def __init__ (self, name, max_health, current_health, attack, weapon):
        self.name = name
        self.max_health = max_health
        self.current_health = current_health
        self.attack = attack
        self.weapon = weapon  # this line

    def set_name(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def set_weapon(self, weapon):
        self.weapon = weapon

您只需构建一个Weapon对象，然后在构造它时（或通过setter方法）将其传递给Character对象：

weapon = Weapon()
character = Character('Char Name', 100, 100, 20, weapon)

现在，作为补充，请用大写字母命名您的班级，即PEP8 convention。它有助于将类名与实例区分开，否则在上面的示例中，您将无法调用实例weapon和character。

Answer 2

首先，您可以摆脱所有这些getter和setter并将类设为

class Weapon:

    def __init__ (self, name, attack, crit_chance, crit_bonus, rarity, type_bonus):
        self.name = name
        self.attack = attack
        self.crit_chance = crit_chance
        self.crit_bonus = crit_bonus
        self.rarity = rarity
        self.type_bonus = type_bonus

class Character:

    def __init__ (self, name, max_health, current_health, attack):
        self.name = name
        self.max_health = max_health
        self.current_health = current_health
        self.attack = attack

然后将武器对象传递给玩家类，并使用它来攻击玩家，这里weapon代表玩家的武器

class Player (character):

    def __init__ (self, name, max_health, current_health, attack, money, level, xp, weapon):
        super().__init__(name, max_health, current_health, attack)
        self.money = money
        self.level = level
        self.xp = xp
        self.weapon = weapon

    #For e.g. A weapon attacks and reduces the current health of the player
    def attack(self):
       self.current_health -= self.weapon.attack

或者将武器和角色类对象同时传递给玩家类，otherplayer是被攻击的玩家，weapon是与玩家一起的武器

class Player (character):

    def __init__ (self, name, max_health, current_health, attack, money, level, xp, otherplayer, weapon):
        super().__init__(name, max_health, current_health, attack)
        self.money = money
        self.level = level
        self.xp = xp
        self.otherplayer = otherplayer
        self.weapon = weapon

    def attack(self):

        self.otherplayer.current_health -= self.weapon.attack