我是Python的新手。我试图使用画布（Tkinter）创建一个窗口，但是它说未定义按钮。是否可以将按钮替换为其他东西？
错误
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/MY/Desktop/Courier-management/project.py", line 240, in <module>
canvas.create_window(320, 60, window = button)
NameError: name 'button' is not defined
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox as ms
from tkinter import ttk
import sqlite3
import random
# Database
with sqlite3.connect('Akash5.db') as db:
c = db.cursor()
try:
c.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user (username TEXT NOT NULL ,password TEX NOT NULL,mobile TEX NOT NULL);')
except:
pass
db.commit()
db.close()
class main:
def __init__(self,master):
self.master = master
self.username = StringVar()
self.password = StringVar()
self.n_username = StringVar()
self.n_password = StringVar()
self.n_reg=StringVar()
self.n_mobile=StringVar()
self.mobile11=StringVar()
self.widgets()
def login(self):
with sqlite3.connect('Akash5.db') as db:
c = db.cursor()
# Find user If there is any take proper action
find_user = ('SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = ? and password = ?')
c.execute(find_user,[(self.username.get()),(self.password.get())])
result = c.fetchall()
if result:
self.track()
else:
ms.showerror('Oops!','Username Not Found.')
def new_user(self):
with sqlite3.connect('Akash5.db') as db:
c = db.cursor()
if self.n_username.get()!=' ' and self.n_password.get()!=' ' and self.n_mobile.get()!=' ':
find_user = ('SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = ?')
c.execute(find_user,[(self.n_username.get())])
if c.fetchall():
ms.showerror('Error!','Username Taken Try a Diffrent One.')
else:
insert = 'INSERT INTO user(username,password,mobile) VALUES(?,?,?)'
c.execute(insert,[(self.n_username.get()),(self.n_password.get()),(self.n_mobile.get())])
db.commit()
ms.showinfo('Success!','Account Created!')
self.log()
else:
ms.showerror('Error!','Please Enter the details.')
def consignment(self):
try:
with sqlite3.connect('Akash5.db') as db:
c = db.cursor()
# Find user If there is any take proper action
find_user = ('SELECT * FROM user WHERE mobile= ?')
c.execute(find_user,[(self.mobile11.get())])
result = c.fetchall()
if result:
self.track()
self.crff.pack_forget()
self.head['text'] = self.username.get() + '\n Your Product Details'
self.consi.pack()
else:
ms.showerror('Oops!','Mobile Number Not Found.')
except:
ms.showerror('Oops!','Mobile Number Not Found.')
def track1(self):
self.consi.pack_forget()
self.head['text'] = self.username.get() + '\n Track your Product'
self.crff.pack()
def log(self):
self.username.set('')
self.password.set('')
self.crf.pack_forget()
self.head['text'] = 'Login'
self.logf.pack()
def cr(self):
self.n_username.set('')
self.n_password.set('')
self.logf.pack_forget()
self.head['text'] = 'Create Account'
self.crf.pack()
def track(self):
self.logf.pack_forget()
self.head['text'] = self.username.get() + '\n Track your Product'
self.crff.pack()
def widgets(self):
self.head = Label(self.master,text = 'LOGIN',font = ('',20),pady = 10)
self.head.pack()
self.logf = Frame(self.master,padx =10,pady = 10)
self.logf.configure(background='lightblue')
# PhotoImage(self.logf,file = 'lpu_logo.png')
Label(self.logf,text = 'Username: ',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Entry(self.logf,textvariable = self.username,bd = 3,font = ('',15)).grid(row=0,column=1)
Label(self.logf,text = 'Password: ',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Entry(self.logf,textvariable = self.password,bd = 3,font = ('',15),show = '*').grid(row=1,column=1)
Button(self.logf,text = ' Login ',background='lightgrey',bd = 2 ,font = ('',13),padx=6,pady=6,command=self.login).grid(row=8,column=0)
Button(self.logf,text = ' New user ',background='lightgrey',bd = 2 ,font = ('',13),padx=6,pady=6,command=self.cr).grid(row=8,column=1)
self.logf.pack()
self.crf = Frame(self.master,padx =10,pady = 10)
Label(self.crf,text = 'Username: ',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Entry(self.crf,textvariable = self.n_username,bd = 3,font = ('',15)).grid(row=0,column=1)
Label(self.crf,text = 'Password: ',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Entry(self.crf,textvariable = self.n_password,bd = 3,font = ('',15),show = '*').grid(row=1,column=1)
Label(self.crf,text = 'Reg No.: ',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Entry(self.crf,textvariable = self.n_reg,bd = 3,font = ('',15)).grid(row=2,column=1)
Label(self.crf,text = 'Gender: ',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
var = IntVar()
R1 = Radiobutton(self.crf, text="Male", variable=var, value=1).grid(sticky=W)
R2 = Radiobutton(self.crf, text="Female", variable=var, value=2 ).grid(row=4,column=1)
Label(self.crf,text = 'Mobile No.: ',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Entry(self.crf,textvariable = self.n_mobile,bd = 3,font = ('',15)).grid(row=5,column=1)
Label(self.crf,text = 'Email Id: ',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Entry(self.crf,bd = 3,font = ('',15)).grid(row=6,column=1)
Button(self.crf,text = 'Create Account',background='lightgrey',bd = 2,font = ('',13),padx=6,pady=6,command=self.new_user).grid(row=11,column=0)
Button(self.crf,text = 'Go to Login',background='lightgrey',bd = 2,font = ('',13),padx=6,pady=6,command=self.log).grid(row=11,column=1)
self.crff = Frame(self.master,padx =10,pady = 10)
Label(self.crff,text = 'Consignment No: ',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Entry(self.crff,bd = 3,font = ('',15)).grid(row=0,column=1)
Label(self.crff,text = 'Mobile no:',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Entry(self.crff,bd = 3,textvariable = self.mobile11,font = ('',15)).grid(row=1,column=1)
Button(self.crff,text = 'Track',background='lightgrey',bd = 2,font = ('',13),padx=6,pady=6,command=self.consignment).grid(row=4,column=0)
self.consi = Frame(self.master,padx =10,pady = 10)
Label(self.consi,text = ' Product ID:',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Label(self.consi,text =random.randint(565154,99994216) ,font = ('',13),pady=5,padx=5).grid(row=0,column=1)
L = ['Bag','Colgate','shoe','Redme 2','Jeans','Parrot','Mac','Ipad','Pen','Book','shirt']
f=random.randint(0,10)
Label(self.consi,text = 'Product name: ',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Label(self.consi,text =L[f] ,font = ('',13),pady=5,padx=5).grid(row=1,column=1)
Label(self.consi,text = 'Product Status: ',font = ('',15),pady=5,padx=5).grid(sticky = W)
Label(self.consi,text ='Pending' ,font = ('',13),pady=5,padx=5).grid(row=2,column=1)
Label(self.consi,font = ('',13), text = 'Thanks for Exploring!').grid(row = 4, column = 0)
Label(self.consi, text = 'Comments:',font = ('',13)).grid(row = 5, column = 0, padx = 5, sticky = 'sw')
Entry(self.consi,bd = 3,font = ('',15)).grid(row=5,column=1)
Button(self.consi,text = 'Back',background='lightgrey',bd = 2,font = ('',13),padx=6,pady=6,command=self.track1).grid(row=6,column=0)
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tk()
root.title('Track Consignment')
root.geometry('800x750+300+300')
main(root)
canvas = Canvas(root)
canvas.pack()
canvas.config(width = 640, height = 380)
line = canvas.create_line(160, 360, 480, 120, fill = 'blue', width = 5)
canvas.itemconfigure(line, fill = '#1abc9c')
print(canvas.coords(line))
canvas.coords(line, 0, 0, 320, 240, 640, 0)
canvas.itemconfigure(line, smooth = True)
canvas.itemconfigure(line, splinesteps = 5)
canvas.itemconfigure(line, splinesteps = 100)
canvas.delete(line)
rect = canvas.create_rectangle(160, 120, 480, 360)
canvas.itemconfigure(rect, fill = '#3498db')
oval = canvas.create_oval(160, 120, 480, 360)
arc = canvas.create_arc(160, 1, 480, 240)
canvas.itemconfigure(arc, start = 0, extent = 180, fill = '#1abc9c')
poly = canvas.create_polygon(160, 360, 320, 480, 480, 360, fill = '#95a5a6')
text = canvas.create_text(320, 240, text = 'Python', font = ('Courier', 32, 'bold'))
logo = PhotoImage(file = 'logo1.gif')
image = canvas.create_image(320, 240, image = logo)
canvas.lift(text)
canvas.lower(image)
canvas.lower(image, text)
canvas.create_window(320, 60, window = button)
canvas.itemconfigure(rect, tags = ('shape'))
canvas.itemconfigure(oval, tags = ('shape', 'round'))
canvas.itemconfigure('shape', fill = 'grey')
print(canvas.gettags(oval))
root.mainloop()
答案 0 :(得分：0)
在第240行，“按钮”不是定义的变量名。也许您是要先创建一个名为“ button”的新按钮来添加？
或者可能是要使用已经创建的现有按钮之一，例如R1或R2。
“按钮”可能对我们来说很有意义，因为当我们看到“按钮”时，我们会想到一个按钮，但是对于python，“按钮”没有定义为任何东西，因此它不知道它是什么，意味着什么，或者该怎么办。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
R1和R2本地化为小部件功能。除非您在全局范围内声明它们并在要从中访问它们的函数中以“ global”为前缀，否则无法在其他任何地方访问它们。此外，我认为您的意思是这样分配：
也许您打算使用poly吗？到目前为止似乎尚未使用：
canvas.create_window(320, 60, window = poly)