我写了一个工作的链接队列,该链接队列以其数据类型为模板,但是用户可能以几种不同类型之一输入数据。如何选择在运行时使用哪种数据类型?
如果我分别使用每种类型,效果很好;我只需要涵盖所有可能的情况,而无需更改代码或为每种数据类型重写重载函数。
下面,我提供了代码的相关部分。如我所说,我的类成员函数没有问题。
我已经尝试过一个switch语句,该语句创建队列的x类型版本,但是不能作为稍后在switch中与其他队列数据类型“冲突”的可能性。我目前正在尝试if / else if语句,除了尝试使用x类型的输入时没有其他错误,它说它是未定义的。
// From Source.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#include "LQueue.h"
int mainMenu();
int main()
{
int value;
bool stop = false;
Queue<int> *theQueue;
int choice = mainMenu();
if (choice == 1) {
Queue<int> theQueue;
int dataType;
}
else if (choice == 2) {
Queue<double> theQueue;
double dataType;
}
else if (choice == 3) {
Queue<string> theQueue;
string dataType;
}
else if (choice == 4) {
Queue<char> theQueue;
char dataType;
}
cout << "\n\nHow many items would you like to initially"
<< " populate the queue with? ";
int howMany;
cin >> howMany;
for (int i = 0; i < howMany; i++)
{
cin >> dataType;
theQueue.enqueue(dataType)
}
theQueue.display(cout);
theQueue.dequeue();
theQueue.display(cout);
return 0;
}
int mainMenu()
{
int choice;
cout << "What type of data will you be storing in the queue?\n"
<< "1. integers\n2. decimal numbers\n3. words\n4. chars\n\n";
cin >> choice;
if (choice > 0 && choice < 5)
return choice;
cout << "\n\nInvalid choice\n\n";
mainMenu();
}
// Guess I'll include shown functions from the Queue class file below
//--- Definition of enqueue()
template <typename QueueElement>
void Queue<QueueElement>::enqueue(const QueueElement & value)
{
if (empty())
{
myFront = myBack = new Node(value);
}
else
{
myBack->next = new Node(value);
myBack = myBack->next;
}
}
//--- Definition of dequeue()
template <typename QueueElement>
void Queue<QueueElement>::dequeue()
{
if (empty() == false)
{
Queue::NodePointer oldFront = myFront;
myFront = myFront->next;
delete oldFront;
}
}
//--- Definition of display()
template <typename QueueElement>
void Queue<QueueElement>::display(ostream & out) const
{
Queue::NodePointer ptr;
for (ptr = myFront; ptr != 0; ptr = ptr->next)
out << ptr->data << " ";
out << endl;
}
//--- Definition of front()
template <typename QueueElement>
QueueElement Queue<QueueElement>::front() const
{
if (!empty())
return (myFront->data);
else
{
cerr << "*** Queue is empty "
" -- returning garbage ***\n";
QueueElement * temp = new(QueueElement);
QueueElement garbage = *temp; // "Garbage" value
delete temp;
return garbage;
}
}
Compiler (visual studio 2017) is showing identifier "dataType" is undefined within the following loop:
```c++
for (int i = 0; i < howMany; i++)
{
cin >> dataType;
theQueue.enqueue(dataType);
}
2个错误:“ cin >> dataType”上的E0020和C2065;线,还有另一个 C2065在下一行
也许总体上有更有效的方法?我愿意接受所有建议,谢谢!
答案 0 :(得分:1)
问题(问题)是当您写
initialize
您定义四个不同的 if (choice == 1) {
Queue<int> theQueue;
int dataType;
}
else if (choice == 2) {
Queue<double> theQueue;
double dataType;
}
else if (choice == 3) {
Queue<string> theQueue;
string dataType;
}
else if (choice == 4) {
Queue<char> theQueue;
char dataType;
}
和四个不同的theQueue
变量,每个变量仅在相应的dataType
的相应主体内有效。
所以,当您编写
if
不再有 for (int i = 0; i < howMany; i++)
{
cin >> dataType;
theQueue.enqueue(dataType)
}
theQueue.display(cout);
theQueue.dequeue();
theQueue.display(cout);
和dataType
可用(它们都超出范围)。
我建议如下
theQueue
其中 if (choice == 1) {
foo<int>();
}
else if (choice == 2) {
foo<double>();
}
else if (choice == 3) {
foo<std::string>();
}
else if (choice == 4) {
foo<char>();
}
是几乎像这样的模板函数(警告:未经测试的代码)
foo()
答案 1 :(得分:0)
编写一个执行所需操作的模板化成员函数:
template<class DataType>
void processInput(int howMany) {
DataType value;
for (int i = 0; i < howMany; i++)
{
cin >> value;
theQueue.enqueue(value);
}
theQueue.display(cout);
theQueue.dequeue();
theQueue.display(cout);
}
然后我们可以在main
中使用switch语句在它们之间进行选择:
int main()
{
int choice = mainMenu();
cout << "\n\nHow many items would you like to initially "
"populate the queue with? ";
int howMany;
cin >> howMany;
switch(choice) {
case 1:
processInput<int>(howMany);
break;
case 2:
processInput<double>(howMany);
break;
case 3:
processInput<string>(howMany);
break;
case 4:
processInput<char>(howMany);
break;
}
}
我们可以使用数组进行查找!
using func_t = void(*)(int);
int main() {
std::vector<func_t> options = {
processInput<int>,
processInput<double>,
processInput<string>,
processInput<char>
};
int choice = mainMenu();
func_t selectedOption = options[choice - 1];
cout << "\n\nHow many items would you like to initially "
"populate the queue with? ";
int howMany;
cin >> howMany;
selectedOption(howMany);
}