在UICollectionView中自动调整单元格大小(全部使用代码)

时间:2019-04-14 13:37:21

标签: uicollectionview autolayout constraints uicollectionviewcell autosize

使用Swift-5.0,Xcode-10.2,iOS-12.2和

我的代码在尝试实现UICollectionView中的单元格的“自动化”(使用UICollectionViewFlowLayout作为其布局)时出现了问题。

单元格的高度是基于内容的(并且是未知的)-因此,我尝试使单元格的高度自动调整(我现在并且可以不用的“宽度”,例如,将其设置为frame.width

即使艰难,我在下面的示例中仅使用一个大的UICollectionView-Cell,我仍然希望保持细胞的“出队”状态,因为稍后,将有更多的单元需要填充大内容。因此,为了使该示例更简单,我将numberOfItemsInSection保持为1。

此外,对于下面的示例,每个自定义CollectionViewCell都填充有一个垂直的StackView(将两个Label和ImageView垂直相加)。 StackView在这里并不重要,但是我只是作为一个简单的例子。再次,自定义CollectionViewCell的内容将在以后更改(特别是它将更改为与内容相关的高度)。下面代码中固定高度的单元格内容仅出于示例原因...

但是我仍然想摆脱这个问题,是关于如何使CollectionViewCell根据内容自动调整其高度的问题(无论是固定高度(如下面的示例)还是动态的基于内容的高度(如未来的实现)?

我不断收到以下约束错误:

Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints.
Probably at least one of the constraints in the following list is one
you don't want. 
Try this: 
  (1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you don't expect; 
  (2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or constraints and fix it. 

如果我使用sizeForItemAt内的UICollectionViewController方法给单元格设置一个非常大的固定高度,则一切正常。 (即“非常大”,是指单元出队时比单元的高度大得多)。

但是如上所述,我不想将像元的高度设置为固定值(使用UICollectionViewController的方法sizeForItemAt-而是希望实现自动调整大小。

要自动调整单元格的大小,我尝试了以下操作:

方法A)

使用collectionViewFlowLayout.estimatedItemSize = CGSize(...)

(并且不要使用sizeForItemAt方法)

->同样,如果将估计大小设置得足够大,则不会发生错误。如果将其设置得太小,则会出现相同的约束错误...

方法B)

使用collectionViewFlowLayout.estimatedItemSize = UICollectionViewFlowLayout.automaticSize

(并且使用或不使用sizeForItemAt方法-不会有所作为)

->再次出现相同的错误:一旦我开始在UICollectionView单元上滚动,它将引发相同的约束错误...

观察到使用UICollectionViewFlowLayout.automaticSize使App能够按预期工作(虽然仍然抛出上述错误-但奇怪的是,无论如何该App仍然可以运行),这一点很有希望。对我来说,该应用程序正常工作并引发错误是不可接受的。问题是,如何摆脱约束错误?

这是我使用的所有代码:

class TestViewController: UICollectionViewController, UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout {

    let cellId = "cellID"

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        collectionView.backgroundColor = .yellow
        collectionView.register(MyCollectionViewCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: cellId)
    }

    override func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
        return 1
    }

    override func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell {
        let cell = collectionView.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: cellId, for: indexPath) as! MyCollectionViewCell
        return cell
    }

//    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, sizeForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGSize {
//        return .init(width: view.frame.width, height: 4000)
//    }

    init() {
        let collectionViewFlowLayout = UICollectionViewFlowLayout()
//        collectionViewFlowLayout.estimatedItemSize = CGSize(width: UIScreen.main.bounds.width, height: 4000)
        collectionViewFlowLayout.estimatedItemSize = UICollectionViewFlowLayout.automaticSize
        super.init(collectionViewLayout: collectionViewFlowLayout)
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }   
}

这是CustomCollectionViewCell:

import UIKit

class MyCollectionViewCell: UICollectionViewCell {

    let titleLabel1 = UILabel(text: "Title 123", font: .boldSystemFont(ofSize: 30))
    let titleLabel2 = UILabel(text: "Testing...", font: .boldSystemFont(ofSize: 15))
    let imgView1 = UIImageView(image: nil)
    let imgView2 = UIImageView(image: nil)
    let imgView3 = UIImageView(image: nil)
    let imgView4 = UIImageView(image: nil)
    let imgView5 = UIImageView(image: nil)


    let imageView: UIImageView = {
        let imgView = UIImageView()

        imgView.backgroundColor = .green
        return imgView
    }()

    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)

        backgroundColor = .yellow
        titleLabel1.constrainHeight(constant: 50)
        titleLabel1.constrainWidth(constant: 250)
        titleLabel2.constrainHeight(constant: 50)
        titleLabel2.constrainWidth(constant: 250)

        imgView1.constrainHeight(constant: 100)
        imgView1.constrainWidth(constant: 200)
        imgView1.backgroundColor = .green
        imgView2.constrainHeight(constant: 100)
        imgView2.constrainWidth(constant: 200)
        imgView2.backgroundColor = .green
        imgView3.constrainHeight(constant: 100)
        imgView3.constrainWidth(constant: 200)
        imgView3.backgroundColor = .green
        imgView4.constrainHeight(constant: 100)
        imgView4.constrainWidth(constant: 200)
        imgView4.backgroundColor = .green
        imgView5.constrainHeight(constant: 100)
        imgView5.constrainWidth(constant: 200)
        imgView5.backgroundColor = .green

        let stackView = UIStackView(arrangedSubviews: [titleLabel1, imgView1, titleLabel2, imgView2, imgView3, imgView4, imgView5])

        addSubview(stackView)
        stackView.anchor(top: safeAreaLayoutGuide.topAnchor, leading: leadingAnchor, bottom: bottomAnchor, trailing: trailingAnchor)
        stackView.spacing = 20
        stackView.axis = .vertical
        stackView.alignment = .center
    }

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }
}

所需的扩展名定义如下:

extension UILabel {
    convenience init(text: String, font: UIFont) {
        self.init(frame: .zero)
        self.text = text
        self.font = font
        self.backgroundColor = .red
    }
}

extension UIImageView {
    convenience init(cornerRadius: CGFloat) {
        self.init(image: nil)
        self.layer.cornerRadius = cornerRadius
        self.clipsToBounds = true
        self.contentMode = .scaleAspectFill
    }
}

为了抽象出单元格组件的自动布局约束的锚定和高度定义(即,填充单元格的一堆标签和imageViews),我使用了以下UIView扩展...:

(扩展名已由Brian Voong发布-参见video link

// Reference Video: https://youtu.be/iqpAP7s3b-8
extension UIView {

    @discardableResult
    func anchor(top: NSLayoutYAxisAnchor?, leading: NSLayoutXAxisAnchor?, bottom: NSLayoutYAxisAnchor?, trailing: NSLayoutXAxisAnchor?, padding: UIEdgeInsets = .zero, size: CGSize = .zero) -> AnchoredConstraints {

        translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        var anchoredConstraints = AnchoredConstraints()

        if let top = top {
            anchoredConstraints.top = topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: top, constant: padding.top)
        }

        if let leading = leading {
            anchoredConstraints.leading = leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leading, constant: padding.left)
        }

        if let bottom = bottom {
            anchoredConstraints.bottom = bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: bottom, constant: -padding.bottom)
        }

        if let trailing = trailing {
            anchoredConstraints.trailing = trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailing, constant: -padding.right)
        }

        if size.width != 0 {
            anchoredConstraints.width = widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: size.width)
        }

        if size.height != 0 {
            anchoredConstraints.height = heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: size.height)
        }

        [anchoredConstraints.top, anchoredConstraints.leading, anchoredConstraints.bottom, anchoredConstraints.trailing, anchoredConstraints.width, anchoredConstraints.height].forEach{ $0?.isActive = true }

        return anchoredConstraints
    }

    func fillSuperview(padding: UIEdgeInsets = .zero) {
        translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        if let superviewTopAnchor = superview?.topAnchor {
            topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: superviewTopAnchor, constant: padding.top).isActive = true
        }

        if let superviewBottomAnchor = superview?.bottomAnchor {
            bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: superviewBottomAnchor, constant: -padding.bottom).isActive = true
        }

        if let superviewLeadingAnchor = superview?.leadingAnchor {
            leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: superviewLeadingAnchor, constant: padding.left).isActive = true
        }

        if let superviewTrailingAnchor = superview?.trailingAnchor {
            trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: superviewTrailingAnchor, constant: -padding.right).isActive = true
        }
    }

    func centerInSuperview(size: CGSize = .zero) {
        translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        if let superviewCenterXAnchor = superview?.centerXAnchor {
            centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: superviewCenterXAnchor).isActive = true
        }

        if let superviewCenterYAnchor = superview?.centerYAnchor {
            centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: superviewCenterYAnchor).isActive = true
        }

        if size.width != 0 {
            widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: size.width).isActive = true
        }

        if size.height != 0 {
            heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: size.height).isActive = true
        }
    }

    func centerXInSuperview() {
        translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        if let superViewCenterXAnchor = superview?.centerXAnchor {
            centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: superViewCenterXAnchor).isActive = true
        }
    }

    func centerYInSuperview() {
        translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        if let centerY = superview?.centerYAnchor {
            centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: centerY).isActive = true
        }
    }

    func constrainWidth(constant: CGFloat) {
        translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: constant).isActive = true
    }

    func constrainHeight(constant: CGFloat) {
        translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: constant).isActive = true
    }
}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

最后,经过进一步的挖掘,我找到了一个解决方案:

如果要自动调整自定义UICollectionViewCell的大小,那么四件事很重要:

  1. 在创建UICollectionViewController实例时,请确保传递一个FlowLayout,并将estimatedItemSize属性设置为一些有根据的猜测值(在我的情况下,高度为1 [由于未知])
let collectionViewFlowLayout = UICollectionViewFlowLayout()
collectionViewFlowLayout.estimatedItemSize = CGSize(width: UIScreen.main.bounds.width, height: 1)

let vc = TestViewController(collectionViewLayout: collectionViewFlowLayout)

  1. 在自定义UICollectionViewCell内创建一个属性,以跟踪单元格的高度

(即,在UICollectionViewCell类中,您将始终知道单元格的高度(即使以后会动态更改)。同样,我想摆脱这样一个事实,即我需要在UICollectionViewController的{ {1}}方法,然后将单元出队)

  1. 不要忘记在自定义UICollectionViewCell中添加sizeForItemAt方法:
preferredLayoutAttributesFitting
  1. 当然,每当自定义CollectionViewCell动态更改其高度时,您还需要再次更改let myContentHeight = CGFloat(720) // in my above code-example, the 720 are the sum of 2 x 50 (labels) plus 5 x 100 (imageViews) plus 6 x 20 (spacing) override func preferredLayoutAttributesFitting(_ layoutAttributes: UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes) -> UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes { setNeedsLayout() layoutIfNeeded() var newFrame = layoutAttributes.frame // myContentHeight corresponds to the total height of your custom UICollectionViewCell newFrame.size.height = ceil(myContentHeight) layoutAttributes.frame = newFrame return layoutAttributes } 属性...

myContentHeight的调用您无需在代码中打扰自己,只要用户进入视图,滚动或执行其他任何操作,该方法就会自动调用。操作系统会或多或少地照顾您这个...)。