如何为NI VeriStand共享库传递带有ctypes的数组

时间:2019-04-11 19:04:25

标签: python c arrays ctypes

我有一个Simulink模型,需要从Python内部执行。我一直在使用NI VeriStand生成的C代码来编译Linux共享库,该库允许我从Python内执行仿真。

我要做的一件事是保存仿真状态(即连续和离散变量以及时钟滴答)。为此,VeriStand导出的C源代码提供了一个名为NIRT_GetSimState的函数。

DLL_EXPORT int32_t NIRT_GetSimState(int32_t* numContStates, char  * contStatesNames, double* contStates, int32_t* numDiscStates, char
  * discStatesNames, double* discStates, int32_t* numClockTicks, char
  * clockTicksNames, int32_t* clockTicks)
{
  int32_t count = 0;
  int32_t idx = 0;
  if ((numContStates != NULL) && (numDiscStates != NULL) && (numClockTicks !=
       NULL)) {
    if (*numContStates < 0 || *numDiscStates < 0 || *numClockTicks < 0) {
      *numContStates = 1;
      *numDiscStates = 0;
      *numClockTicks = NUMST - TID01EQ;
      return NI_OK;
    }
  }

  if ((contStates != NULL) && (contStatesNames != NULL)) {
    idx = 0;
    contStates[idx] = NIRT_GetValueByDataType(&(electric_motor_X.speed), 0, 0, 0);
    strcpy(contStatesNames + (idx++ * 100), "speed");
  }

  if ((clockTicks != NULL) && (clockTicksNames != NULL)) {
    clockTicks[0] = S->Timing.clockTick0;
    strcpy(clockTicksNames, "clockTick0");
  }

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(count);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(idx);
  return NI_OK;
}

我一直在尝试找到一种从共享库加载的在Python中使用此功能的方法。

from ctypes import *
self._model = CDLL(model_lib)
self._lib_get_state = self._model.NIRT_GetSimState

我想找到一种将正确的数据类型传递给Python中的函数的方法。据我了解,我需要将指针传递给整数和数组。

我正在使用以下功能进行测试。我正在使用ctypes创建变量和数组。

def _get_state(self):
    numContStates = c_int(-999)
    contStatesNames = (c_wchar_p*1)('a')
    contStates = (c_double*1)(-999.99)
    numDiscStates = c_int(-999)
    discStatesNames = (c_wchar_p*1)('a')
    discStates = (c_double*1)(-999.99)
    numClockTicks = c_int(-999)
    clockTicksNames = (c_wchar_p*1)('a')
    clockTicks = (c_int*1)(-999)
    self._lib_get_state(byref(numContStates), byref(contStatesNames), byref(contStates), byref(numDiscStates), byref(discStatesNames),
        byref(discStates), byref(numClockTicks), byref(clockTicksNames), byref(clockTicks))
    print('Number of continuous states: ', numContStates.value)
    print('Number of discrete states: ', numDiscStates.value)
    print('Number of clock ticks: ', numClockTicks.value)
    print('Names of continuous states: ', list(contStatesNames)) # Expecting ['speed']
    print('Values of continuous states: ', list(contStates)) # Expecting [0.0]

我似乎获得了离散状态和连续状态数的正确值,但是具有连续状态及其名称的数组未更新。函数将输出以下内容:

Number of continuous states:  1
Number of discrete states:  0
Number of clock ticks:  1
Names of continuous states:  ['a']
Values of continuous states:  [-999.99]

因此,我们可以看到函数调用没有更新数组。我认为我可能没有使用正确的数据类型来调用该函数。这是我第一次使用ctypes。

有人可以确认数据类型是否有误?正确的语法应该是什么?

谢谢。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

签出[Python 3]: ctypes - A foreign function library for Python

Python 代码有几处错误:

该功能的设计方式也很差:

DLL_EXPORT int32_t NIRT_GetSimState(int32_t *numContStates, char *contStatesNames,
                                    double *contStates, int32_t *numDiscStates,
                                    char *discStatesNames, double *discStates,
                                    int32_t *numClockTicks, char *clockTicksNames,
                                    int32_t *clockTicks)
  • 争论太多。这种情况将要求使用容器( struct )对其进行封装
  • 似乎不检查指针( nullptr 的指针为1 st ),然后仅将数据转储到其地址,而不用怀疑它是否出了错界限。这意味着函数调用者必须为所有缓冲区分配足够的空间,以使信息适合。通常,这种情况将被处理:
    • 通过另一个指定缓冲区大小的参数,如果函数有更多数据要放入缓冲区,则它要么不做任何事要么填充缓冲区,最后返回错误
    • 该函数分配内存(由调用者负责分配内存)
  • 我看到许多字段都声明了长度为1的数组。如果只应返回一个元素,则不要将其设置为数组((ctypes.c_double * 1)(-999.99)-> ctypes.c_double(-999.99))。无论如何,我没有改变

基于函数体,这是使它工作的方法(这是一种方法-不用说我没有测试代码):

self._lib_get_state.argtypes = [
    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char),
    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_double), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32),
    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_double),
    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32), ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char),
    ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int32),
]
self._lib_get_state.restype = ctypes.c_int32

numContStates = ctypes.c_int32(-999)
contStatesNames = ctypes.create_string_buffer(106)  # The "speed" text is copied 100 characters from beginning
contStates = ctypes.c_double(-999.99)
numDiscStates = ctypes.c_int32(-999)
discStatesNames = (ctypes.c_char * 1)(b"a")
discStates = (ctypes.c_double * 1)(-999.99)
numClockTicks = ctypes.c_int32(-999)
clockTicksNames = ctypes.create_string_buffer(11)  # Equivalent to: ctypes.c_char * 11
clockTicks = (ctypes.c_int32 * 1)(-999)

result = self._lib_get_state(
    ctypes.byref(numContStates), ctypes.cast(contStatesNames, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)),
    ctypes.byref(contStates), ctypes.byref(numDiscStates),
    ctypes.cast(discStatesNames, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)), ctypes.cast(discStates, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_double)),
    ctypes.byref(numClockTicks), ctypes.cast(clockTicksNames, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char)),
    ctypes.byref(clockTicks))


clockTicksNames.value  # This is how to get the string out

答案 1 :(得分:0)

事实证明,错误不在于Python代码,而在于我调用C代码的方式。第一次调用该函数是为了获取要分配的数组的长度,然后是第二次将变量复制到数组中。

self._lib_get_state = self._model.NIRT_GetSimState

self.num_cont_states = c_int(-999)
self.num_disc_states = c_int(-999)
self.num_clock_ticks = c_int(-999)

self._lib_get_state(byref(self.num_cont_states), byref(c_char()), byref(c_double()),
    byref(self.num_disc_states), byref(c_char()), byref(c_double()),
    byref(self.num_clock_ticks), byref(c_char()), byref(c_int()))

self._cont_states_names = create_string_buffer(b'\000' * (100*self.num_cont_states.value))
self._cont_states = (c_double*self.num_cont_states.value)()
self._disc_states_names = create_string_buffer(b'\000' * (100*self.num_disc_states.value))
self._disc_states = (c_double*self.num_disc_states.value)()
self._clock_ticks_names = create_string_buffer(b'\000' * (100*self.num_clock_ticks.value))
self._clock_ticks = (c_int*self.num_clock_ticks.value)()

self._lib_get_state(byref(self.num_cont_states), self._cont_states_names,
    self._cont_states, byref(self.num_disc_states), self._disc_states_names,
    self._disc_states, byref(self.num_clock_ticks), self._clock_ticks_names,
    self._clock_ticks)