如何为彩色散点图创建图例而不是颜色栏？

时间：2019-04-11 15:35:23

标签： python python-3.x matplotlib legend scatter-plot

我想在具有多种颜色的散点图中添加图例而不是颜色栏。

我正在寻找类似this的散点图。 我当前的图形如下所示： example

我想知道是否可以像在第二个子图中那样在第一个子图中添加图例而不是颜色条。

创建散点图的函数：

def scatter_it(x): # x=8 für Monate, x=9 für Jahre
    """Punktdiagramm mit farblicher Markierung der Monate bzw. Jahre."""
    plt.figure("Station: {0}, Monat(e): {1}, Jahr(e):{2}".format(Station,months,years))
    plt.style.use('seaborn-whitegrid')

    if x == 8:
        # setting a standard color as first color of cmap rainbow
        farben = plt.cm.get_cmap('rainbow', 13)
        newcolors = farben(np.linspace(0, 1, 13))
        b = np.array([31/256, 19/256, 180/256, 1]) # standard color # blue: 31/119/180 # black: 0/0/0
        newcolors[:1, :] = b
        newcmp = ListedColormap(newcolors)
        cmap = newcmp
    else:
        cmap = 'tab20'

    plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
    plt.title("Art der Korrelation: Kendalls ${\mathrm{T}}_b$\n" +
              "Korrelation: " + str(r_tp[0]) +
              "\np-Wert (2-seitig): " + str(r_tp[1]) +
              "\nStation: {0}, Monat(e): {1}, Jahr(e):{2}\n".format(Station,months,years),
              loc='left', wrap=True)
    sct = plt.scatter(master_arrayFilter[:,1], # Marsdistanz (in AE)
            master_arrayFilter[:,2], # Temperatur (in °C)
            c=master_arrayFilter[:,x], # Monate bzw. Jahre
            cmap=plt.cm.get_cmap(cmap, np.unique(master_arrayFilter[:,x])[-1]+1-np.unique(master_arrayFilter[:,x])[0]),
            #teilt die colormap rainbow_r od. tab20 in n (=max-min) benötigte Abschnitte auf #leider auch in ggf. nicht benötigte Zwischenschritte
            vmin = master_arrayFilter[np.argmin(master_arrayFilter[:,x], axis=0),x]-.5,
            #vmin gibt unteres Ende der Skala an und setzt die Markierung mittig
            vmax = master_arrayFilter[np.argmax(master_arrayFilter[:,x], axis=0),x]+.5)
            #vmax gibt oberes Ende der Skala an und setzt die Markierung mittig
    plt.xlabel("Marsdistanz in AE\n(1 AE = 149.597.870,7 km)")
    plt.ylabel("Temperatur in °C") #für Niderschlag bzw. Sonnenstunden anpassen.
    #plt.tight_layout()
    clb = plt.colorbar(sct, ticks=np.arange(master_arrayFilter[np.argmin(master_arrayFilter[:,x], axis=0),x]-1,
                    master_arrayFilter[np.argmax(master_arrayFilter[:,x], axis=0),x])+1)
    if x == 8:
        y = "Monat(e)"
    else:
        y = "Jahr(e)"
    clb.ax.set_title(y)

#    z = np.unique(master_arrayFilter[:,x])
#    def make_proxy(zvalue, **kwargs):
#        color = cmap
#        return Line2D([0, 1], [0, 1], color=color, **kwargs)
#    proxies = [make_proxy(item, linewidth=2) for item in z]
#    plt.legend(proxies, [str(int(x)) for x in months],
#        loc='upper right', frameon=True, title=y)

    plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
    if not months:
        md_plot(master_array[:,0], master_array[:,1]) # Graph
        minmaxmarker(master_array[:,0], master_array[:,1]) # Punkte
    else:
        md_plot3(master_array[:,0], master_array[:,1], master_array[:,8], months) # Graph mit Färbung
        minmaxmarker(master_array[:,0], master_array[:,1]) # Punkte

    md_plot2(master_array[:,0], master_array[:,1], master_array[:,6]) # Graph mit Färbung
    minmaxmarker(master_array[:,0], master_array[:,1]) # Punkte

    plt.show()
    plt.close()
    return None

我禁用了尝试但失败的内容。

以下是二手master_array的摘录：

In [211]: print(master_array)
[[ 1.89301010e+07  1.23451036e+00 -8.10000000e+00 ...  1.00000000e+00
   1.00000000e+00  1.89300000e+03]
 [ 1.89301020e+07  1.24314818e+00 -8.50000000e+00 ...  2.00000000e+00
   1.00000000e+00  1.89300000e+03]
 [ 1.89301030e+07  1.25179997e+00 -9.70000000e+00 ...  3.00000000e+00
   1.00000000e+00  1.89300000e+03]
 ...
 [ 2.01903100e+07  1.84236878e+00  7.90000000e+00 ...  1.00000000e+01
   3.00000000e+00  2.01900000e+03]
 [ 2.01903110e+07  1.85066892e+00  5.50000000e+00 ...  1.10000000e+01
   3.00000000e+00  2.01900000e+03]
 [ 2.01903120e+07  1.85894904e+00  9.40000000e+00 ...  1.20000000e+01
   3.00000000e+00  2.01900000e+03]]

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：0)

由于您的示例依赖于某些外部变量，因此创建了另一个示例。在调用散点标签参数期间进行设置，然后可以直接调用df1 <-structure(list(col1 = c(1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L ), col2 = c(6.5, 12, 9, 16.2, 7.5, 13, 6, 2.8, 26, 30)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -10L)) ：

security:
    encoders:
        App\Entity\Users:
            algorithm: bcrypt

    providers:
        users:
            entity:
                class: App\Entity\Users
                property: email

    firewalls:
        dev:
            pattern: ^/(_(profiler|wdt)|css|images|js)/
            security: false

        login_app_manager:
            pattern:  ^/user/login
            stateless: true
            anonymous: true
            provider: users
            json_login:
                check_path: /user/login
                username_path: email
                password_path: password
                success_handler: lexik_jwt_authentication.handler.authentication_success
                failure_handler: lexik_jwt_authentication.handler.authentication_failure
                require_previous_session: false


        app_api_manager:
            pattern:  ^/mngr/api
            stateless: true
            anonymous: false
            provider: users
            guard:
                authenticators:
                    - lexik_jwt_authentication.jwt_token_authenticator

    access_control:
        - { path: ^/login, roles: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
        - { path: ^/register, roles: IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY }
        - { path: ^/api, roles: IS_AUTHENTICATED_FULLY }



var data = {
    'email':email,
    'password':password
};
$.ajax({
    type: "POST",
    url: "/user/login",
    contentType: "application/json",
    data: JSON.stringify(data),
    success: function(response) {
        console.log(response);
    },
    error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {
        console.log('Error : ' + errorThrown);
    }
});

可以看看Python Scatter Plot with Colorbar and Legend Issues

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