Question

我对makefile相当陌生，目前正在运行代码附带的以下文件，并通过选项FFLAGS_EXT1，COMP_EXT1，file1.F90和{ {1}}：

file2.F90

这使我可以使用FC = gfortran FFLAGS = -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../ FFLAGS_EXT1 = -g -fbacktrace -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -fbounds-check -fcheck=all -Wconversion -std=gnu -O3 -fmax-errors=5 -Dno_nans -I ../ # Stricter compiler flags LDFLAGS = OBJ_EXT = o EXE_EXT = x COMP = $(FC) $(FFLAGS) -c -o $@ $< COMP_EXT1 = $(FC) $(FFLAGS_EXT1) -c -o $@ $< LINK = $(FC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ MAIN_MODULES = $(a list of file names without extensions) OUR_MODULES = $(another list of file names without extensions) # FORTRAN settings .SUFFIXES: .F90 .$(OBJ_EXT) # compilation rules .F90.$(OBJ_EXT): # $(COMP) $(COMP_EXT1) .PHONY: all all: \ program1.$(EXE_EXT) program2.$(EXE_EXT) ... program1.$(EXE_EXT): \ $(addsuffix .$(OBJ_EXT),$(MAIN_MODULES)) \ $(addsuffix .$(OBJ_EXT),$(OUR_MODULES)) \ file1.$(OBJ_EXT) \ file2.$(OBJ_EXT) $(LINK) ...或更严格的FFLAGS编译所有源文件，具体取决于编译规则的选择。

我想得到的是：默认使用FFLAGS_EXT1（除了定义的COMP之外，还有其他程序，我不能破坏其兼容性），但是使用program1或分别COMP_EXT1和FFLAGS_EXT1专门用于file1和file2（旧代码会抛出很多我想忽略的警告，而只关注我的新东西-这是一个相当大的项目总计...）。

我知道例如this的帖子，但是我完全不知道如何在我的情况下执行此操作。

任何帮助将不胜感激！

编辑： 感谢@Matt的提示，我发现这个更改的版本可以解决问题：

FC = gfortran
FFLAGS = -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../
FFLAGS_EXT1 = -g -fbacktrace -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -fbounds-check -fcheck=all -Wconversion -std=gnu -O3 -fmax-errors=5 -Dno_nans -I ../ # Stricter compiler flags
LDFLAGS =
OBJ_EXT = o
EXE_EXT = x
COMP = $(FC) $(FFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
LINK = $(FC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^

MAIN_MODULES = $(a list of file names without extensions)
OUR_MODULES = $(another list of file names without extensions)

# FORTRAN settings
.SUFFIXES: .F90 .$(OBJ_EXT)

# compilation rules
.F90.$(OBJ_EXT):
    $(COMP)
file1.$(OBJ_EXT):
    $(FC) $(FFLAGS_EXT1) -c file1.F90 -o file1.$(OBJ_EXT)
file2.$(OBJ_EXT):
    $(FC) $(FFLAGS_EXT1) -c file2.F90 -o file2.$(OBJ_EXT)

.PHONY: all
all: \
    program1.$(EXE_EXT) program2.$(EXE_EXT) ...

program1.$(EXE_EXT): \
    $(addsuffix .$(OBJ_EXT),$(MAIN_MODULES)) \
    $(addsuffix .$(OBJ_EXT),$(OUR_MODULES)) \
    file1.$(OBJ_EXT) \
    file2.$(OBJ_EXT)
    $(LINK)

...

但是，一旦有很多规则和文件，这似乎很麻烦。仅仅使用$(COMP_EXT1)之类的方法是行不通的，因为它失败了，没有输入文件错误。

有没有办法缩短这种构造？

Answer 1

无论如何，这是一个风格问题。但是，让我们尝试一下：

# prefer simple variables over recursive ones...
FC := gfortran
FFLAGS := -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../
FFLAGS_EXTRA := -fbacktrace -fbounds-check -fcheck=all -Wconversion -std=gnu -O3 -fmax-errors=5

# ...unless we *do* require deferred expansion
COMP = $(FC) $(FFLAGS) $(FFLAGS_$@) -c -o $@ $<
LINK = $(FC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^

# this is a matter of choice but one-letter variables could be handy
O := o
X := x

# I assume both file1 and file2 are already mentioned here
MAIN_MODULES := $(a list of file names without extensions)
OUR_MODULES := $(another list of file names without extensions)

# use computed variables for maximum flexibility
FFLAGS_file1.$O := $(FFLAGS_EXTRA)
FFLAGS_file2.$O := $(FFLAGS_EXTRA)

.PHONY: all
all: program1.$X program2.$X ...

program1.$X: $(addsuffix .$O,$(MAIN_MODULES) $(OUR_MODULES))
    $(LINK)
program2.$X: ...
    $(LINK)

# it is recommended to use pattern rules instead of suffix rules
%.$O: %.F90
    $(COMP)

...

Answer 2

也许您想走一条不同的路，即使用gmtt，这是一个很好的库，可以用GNUmake编程。它提供了一个表数据结构，用于像您这样的构建配置任务：

include gmtt-master/gmtt.mk

FC = gfortran
FFLAGS = -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../
LDFLAGS =
OBJ_EXT = o
EXE_EXT = x
COMP = $(FC) $(FFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
LINK = $(FC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^

MAIN_MODULES = $(a list of file names without extensions)
OUR_MODULES = $(another list of file names without extensions)

# FORTRAN settings
.SUFFIXES: .F90 .$(OBJ_EXT)

# Construct a gmtt table. The one caveat is that we must escape the space characters in the
# second column until we select entries from the table.
define COMPILE_FLAGS_TBL
2
file1.$(OBJ_EXT) $(call spc-mask,-fbacktrace -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -fbounds-check -fcheck=all -Wconversion -std=gnu -O3 -fmax-errors=5)
file2.$(OBJ_EXT) $(call spc-mask,-fbacktrace -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -fbounds-check -fcheck=all -Wconversion -std=gnu -O3 -fmax-errors=5)
endef

# Special flags: "select column 2 from COMPILE_FLAGS_TBL where first column is string-equal to the target"
# ...and recover the space characters afterwards:
FFLAGS_SPECIAL =  $(call spc-unmask,$(call select,2,$(COMPILE_FLAGS_TBL),$$(call str-eq,$$1,$@)))

# compilation rules
.PHONY: all
all: foo.o bar.o file1.o file2.o

%.F90:
    touch $@

%.o: %.F90
    @echo flags: $(FFLAGS) $(FFLAGS_SPECIAL)

输出：

$ make
touch foo.F90
flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../
touch bar.F90
flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../
touch file1.F90
flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../ -fbacktrace -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -fbounds-check -fcheck=all -Wconversion -std=gnu -O3 -fmax-errors=5
touch file2.F90
flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../ -fbacktrace -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -fbounds-check -fcheck=all -Wconversion -std=gnu -O3 -fmax-errors=5
rm bar.F90 file1.F90 foo.F90 file2.F90

通过使用glob，您可以更灵活地选择文件：

include gmtt-master/gmtt-master/gmtt.mk

FFLAGS = -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../
OBJ_EXT = o

# Construct a gmtt table. The one caveat is that we must escape the space characters in the
# second column until we select entries from the table.
define COMPILE_FLAGS_TBL
2
file1.$(OBJ_EXT) $(call spc-mask,-fbacktrace -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -fbounds-check -fcheck=all -Wconversion -std=gnu -O3 -fmax-errors=5)
file2.$(OBJ_EXT) $(call spc-mask,-fbacktrace -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -fbounds-check -fcheck=all -Wconversion -std=gnu -O3 -fmax-errors=5)
endef

define PATTERN_FLAGS_TBL
2
*_frobozz_[7-9].$(OBJ_EXT)  $(call spc-mask,-ffrobozz)
X_frabazz_*.$(OBJ_EXT)      $(call spc-mask,-ffrabazz -dwhatever)
endef


# Special flags: "select column 2 from COMPILE_FLAGS_TBL where first column is string-equal to the target"
# ...and recover the space characters afterwards:
FFLAGS_SPECIAL =  $(call spc-unmask,$(call select,2,$(COMPILE_FLAGS_TBL),$$(call str-eq,$$1,$@)))

# Very special flags: "select column 2 from PATTERN_FLAGS_TBL where target matches glob in first column"
# ...and recover the space characters afterwards
FFLAGS_VERY_SPECIAL = $(call spc-unmask,$(call select,2,$(PATTERN_FLAGS_TBL),$$(call glob-match,$@,$$1)))

# compilation rules
.PHONY: all
all: foo.o bar.o file1.o file2.o A_frobozz_8.o A_frobozz_6.o X_frabazz_mike.o X_frabazz_mandy.o

%.F90:
    @touch $@

%.o: %.F90
    @echo $@ flags: $(FFLAGS) $(FFLAGS_SPECIAL) $(FFLAGS_VERY_SPECIAL)

输出：

$ make
foo.o flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../
bar.o flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../
file1.o flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../ -fbacktrace -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -fbounds-check -fcheck=all -Wconversion -std=gnu -O3 -fmax-errors=5
file2.o flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../ -fbacktrace -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -fbounds-check -fcheck=all -Wconversion -std=gnu -O3 -fmax-errors=5
A_frobozz_8.o flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../ -ffrobozz
A_frobozz_6.o flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../
X_frabazz_mike.o flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../ -ffrabazz -dwhatever
X_frabazz_mandy.o flags: -g -ffpe-trap=zero,invalid,overflow,underflow -Dno_nans -I ../ -ffrabazz -dwhatever
rm X_frabazz_mandy.F90 A_frobozz_8.F90 bar.F90 file1.F90 foo.F90 A_frobozz_6.F90 file2.F90 X_frabazz_mike.F90

对同一对象中的不同源文件使用不同的编译器或编译器标志

2 个答案: