如何在CSS中引用SVG类？

Question

我有一个网页，显示了通过D3生成的三级嵌套svg。我试图将嵌套的svg的中间组更改为flexbox，以便将最里面的svg组与代表最外面的flexbox的垂直线隔开，然后在需要更多空间的情况下向下移动。我的问题是我无法在CSS页面上更改中间容器。我相信我拥有right syntax，但甚至无法做一些简单的事情，例如更改分类为“第二”的svg的背景颜色。这不会给我带来任何变化，例如：

.second {
  background-color: black;
}

css在“容器”类上工作。我认为差异可能是因为它是一个div，而不是svg，结果我将所有svg更改为div-但这没有影响。

如果执行以下操作，便可以更改背景颜色：

svg {
  background-color: black;
}

这并不是我想要的（我不想在页面上选择其他svg），但是我想测试一下flexbox是否可以工作：

svg {
  display: flex;
  padding: 60px;
  flex: 1 1 1;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
}

奇怪的是，它没有按我预期的那样工作。也就是说，最里面的svg仍然彼此堆叠。

这是我的代码-谢谢，

var doc = `Manual	Category	Function1	Function2	MaxRetentionRounded
DOG	"General Furry, Program and Subject Files"	Average Quantity and Planning	Jack	5
TR	Senate Committee on animal Standards	Bowl and Plate Design	Jack	5
TR	Published Canine	Bowl and Plate Design	Jack	1
TR	Canine case files	Bowl and Plate Design	Jack	1
DOG	Canine Files 	Avoiding Neck Strain	Jack	6
DOG	Canine Files 	Drooling	Jack	6
DOG	Canine Files 	Drooling	Jack	7
DG	ADVERTISING	At home	Jack	7
DG	PROMOTIONS	At home	Jack	100
DG3	Publications	At homeio	Jack	5
TR	Public and Information Services	At homeio	Jack	5
TR	Petting Services	Getting special treats	Jack	1
TR	Petting Services	Getting special treats	Jack	1
TR	Petting Services	Getting special treats	Jack	5
TR	Petting Services	Getting special pats	Snack	5
TR	Petting Services	Getting special pats	Snack	1
TR	Petting Services	Getting special pats	Snack	1
DG	DEVELOPMENT	Optimal time of day - walking	Snack	6
DG	INCOME AND REVENUE	Optimal time of day - walking	Snack	6
TR	Fundraising	Optimal time of day - walking	Snack	7
TR	Fundraising	Optimal time of day	Snack	7
DG	DEVELOPMENT	Optimal time of day	Snack	1
DG	INCOME AND REVENUE	Optimal time of day	Snack	5
TR	Wishbone	Protective Measures	Snack	5
TR	Wishbone	Protective Measures	Pack	1
DG	Wishbone	Observant of Limps Etc	Pack	1
DOG	Wishbone	Observant of Limps Etc	Pack	8
TR	Wishbone	Observant of Limps Etc	Pack	8
`;
const data = d3.tsvParse(doc, function(d) {
  return {
    Manual: d.Manual,
    Category: d.Category,
    Function1: d.Function1,
    Function2: d.Function2,
    MaxRetentionRounded: d.MaxRetentionRounded
  };
});

var legendText = (["TR", "DG", "DOG", "DG3"])

var color = d3.scaleOrdinal()
  .domain(legendText)
  .range(["#f7f7f7", "#cccccc", "#404040", "#c627c7"]);


var nest = d3.nest()
  .key(function(d) {
    return d.Function2;
  })
  .key(function(d) {
    return d.Function1;
  })
  .key(function(d) {
    return d.Category;
  })
  .entries(data);



var div = d3.select("body").append("div")
  .attr("class", "tooltip")
  .style("opacity", 0)

var height = 80,
  width = 150;

data.sort(function(a, b) {
  return b.MaxRetentionRounded - a.MaxRetentionRounded;
});


var divs = d3.select(".container")
  .selectAll(null)
  .data(nest)
  .enter()
  .append("div")
  .attr("class", "innerdiv");

divs.append("p")
  .html(function(d) {
    return d.key;
  });

var svgs = divs.selectAll(null)
  .data(function(d) {
    return d.values;
  })
  .enter()
  .append('svg')
  // .attr("width", "auto")
  .attr("height", height + 20)


svgs.append("text")
  .attr('class', 'label')
  .attr('x', 0)
  .attr('y', 15)
  .style("font-size", "16px")
  .style("font-weight", "bold")
  .text(function(d) {
    return d.key;
  })
  .attr('text-anchor', 'start')



var svgs2 = svgs.selectAll(null)
  .data(function(d) {
    return d.values;
  })
  .enter()
  .append('svg')
  .style("width", 200)
  .attr("class", "second")
  .attr("transform", function(d, i) {
    return "translate(" + i * 00 + ",0)";
  });
// .attr("height", height + 20);

svgs2.append("text")
  .attr('class', 'label')
  .attr('x', 0)
  .attr('y', 80)
  .style("font-size", "12px")
  .text(function(d) {
    return d.key;
  })
  .attr('text-anchor', 'start')

svgs2.selectAll("rect")
  .data(data)
  .enter().append("rect")
  .attr("class", "bar")
  .filter(function(d, i) {
    const x = d3.select(this.parentNode).datum();
    return x.key == d.Category ? 1 : 0;
  })
  .attr("height", function(d) {
    return d.MaxRetentionRounded * 5;
  })
  .attr("transform", "translate(2,20)")
  .attr("width", "25")
  .attr("x", function(d, i) {
    return i * 30;
  })
  .attr("y", function(d, i) {
    return (height - 40) - (d.MaxRetentionRounded * 5);
  })
  .attr("stroke", function(d, i) {
    return d.ModifiedRetention === "TBD" ? "blue" : "black"
  })

  .attr("fill", function(d) {
    return color(d.Manual)
  });

div.tooltip {
  position: absolute;
  text-align: center;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  padding: 3px;
  font: 12px sans-serif;
  border: 0px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  pointer-events: none;
  background: lightgrey;
}

.container {
  display: flex;
  padding: 60px;
  flex: 1 1 1;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.innerdiv {
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 21px;
  font-family: "Century Gothic";
  flex: 1 1 0;
}

.innerdiv+.innerdiv {
  padding-left: 16px;
  border-left: 2px solid lightgray;
}

.legend {
  position: fixed;
  font-family: "Century Gothic";
}

/* div {width: auto; height: auto; } */

div.second {
  display: flex;
  padding: 60px;
  flex: 1 1 1;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* svgs2 {width: auto; height: auto; background-color:#353839;}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Mapping Dog Care Manuals</title>
    <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js"></script>
    <div class="container"></div>
  </head>


</html>

 更新：通过将svg2更改为div，设法添加了嵌套在旧flexbox中的新flexbox。现在唯一的问题是，添加到div2的文本现在被视为flexbox的子代，它将svg向右推。 （仅当网页为全尺寸时，该问题才会变得明显）

var doc = `Manual	Category	Function1	Function2	MaxRetentionRounded
DOG	"General Furry, Program and Subject Files"	Average Quantity and Planning	Jack	5
TR	Senate Committee on animal Standards	Bowl and Plate and Plate Design	Jack	5
TR	Published Canine	Bowl and Plate Design	Jack	1
TR	Canine case files	Bowl and Plate Design	Jack	1
DOG	Canine Files 	Avoiding Neck Strain	Jack	6
DOG	Canine Files 	Drooling	Jack	6
DOG	Canine Files 	Drooling	Jack	7
DG	ADVERTISING	At home	Jack	7
DG	PROMOTIONS	At home	Jack	100
DG3	Publications	At homeio	Jack	5
TR	Public and Information Services	At homeio	Jack	5
TR	Petting Services	Getting special treats	Jack	1
TR	Petting Services	Getting special treats	Jack	1
TR	Petting Services	Getting special treats	Jack	5
TR	Petting Services	Getting special pats	Snack	5
TR	Petting Services	Getting special pats	Snack	1
TR	Petting Services	Getting special pats	Snack	1
DG	DEVELOPMENT	Optimal time of day - walking	Snack	6
DG	INCOME AND REVENUE	Optimal time of day - walking	Snack	6
TR	Fundraising	Optimal time of day - walking	Snack	7
TR	Fundraising	Optimal time of day	Snack	7
DG	DEVELOPMENT	Optimal time of day	Snack	1
DG	INCOME AND REVENUE	Optimal time of day	Snack	5
TR	Wishbone	Protective Measures	Snack	5
TR	Wishbone	Protective Measures	Pack	1
DG	Wishbone	Observant of Limps Etc	Pack	1
DOG	Wishbone	Observant of Limps Etc	Pack	8
TR	Wishbone	Observant of Limps Etc	Pack	8
`;
const data = d3.tsvParse(doc, function(d) {
  return {
    Manual: d.Manual,
    Category: d.Category,
    Function1: d.Function1,
    Function2: d.Function2,
    MaxRetentionRounded: d.MaxRetentionRounded
  };
});

      var legendText = (["TR","DG","DOG","DG3"])

      var color = d3.scaleOrdinal()
      .domain(legendText)
      .range(["#f7f7f7","#cccccc","#404040","#c627c7"]);


var nest = d3.nest()
.key(function(d) {
  return d.Function2;
})
  .key(function(d) {
    return d.Function1;
  })
  .key(function(d) {
    return d.Category;
  })
  .entries(data);


var div = d3.select("body").append("div")
  .attr("class", "tooltip")
  .style("opacity", 0)

var height = 80,
  width = 150;

  data.sort(function(a, b) {
        return b.MaxRetentionRounded - a.MaxRetentionRounded;
      });


var divs = d3.select(".container")
  .selectAll(null)
  .data(nest)
  .enter()
  .append("div")
  .attr("class", "innerdiv");

divs.append("p")
  .html(function(d){
  return d.key;
  });



var divs2 = divs.selectAll(null)
  .data(function(d) {
    return d.values;
  })
  .enter()
  .append('div')
  .attr("class","first")


divs2.append("text")
  .attr('class', 'label1')
  .attr('x', 0)
  .attr('y', 0)
  .style("font-size", "16px")
  .style("font-weight","bold")
  .attr("width","100%")
  .text(function(d) {
    return d.key;
  })
  .attr('text-anchor', 'start')

  var svgs2 = divs2.selectAll(null)
    .data(function(d) {
      return d.values;
    })
    .enter()
    .append('svg')
    .attr("class","second")
    .attr("width", function (d) {return String(d.Category).length > d.values.length ? (String(d.Category).length*30)+50 : (d.values.length*30)+20})
    .attr("height", height + 20);

  svgs2.append("text")
    .attr('class', 'label2')
    .attr('x', 0)
    .attr('y', 80)
    .style("font-size", "12px")
    .text(function(d) {
      return d.key;
    })
    .attr('text-anchor', 'start')

svgs2.selectAll("rect")
  .data(data)
  .enter().append("rect")
  .attr("class", "bar")
  .filter(function(d, i) {
    const x = d3.select(this.parentNode).datum();
    return x.key == d.Category ? 1 : 0;
  })
  .attr("height", function(d) {
    return d.MaxRetentionRounded * 5;
  })
  .attr("transform","translate(2,20)")
  .attr("width", "25")
  .attr("x", function(d, i) {
    return i * 30;
  })
  .attr("y", function(d,i) {return (height-40)-(d.MaxRetentionRounded*5);})
  .attr("stroke",function (d,i) {return d.ModifiedRetention === "TBD"? "blue" : "black"})

  .attr("fill", function(d) {
    return color(d.Manual)});

.container {
  display: flex;
  padding: 0px;
  flex: 1 1 1;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;

}

.innerdiv {
 text-align: left;
 font-size: 21px;
 font-family: "Century Gothic";
 flex: 1 1 1;
}

.innerdiv + .innerdiv {
 padding-left: 0px;
  border-left: 2px solid lightgray;
  }


div.first {
  display: flex;
  padding: 0px;
  flex: 0 0 100%;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  flex-direction: row;
}

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.13.0/d3.min.js"></script>
<div class="container"></div>

Answer 1

有两个技巧可以解决此问题。正如@Andrew Robinson指出的那样，第一个技巧是记住flexbox属性仅适用于div，而不适用于svgs。因此，必须重写以下代码段，以便附加的元素是div而不是svg：

var svgs = divs.selectAll(null)
  .data(function(d) {
    return d.values;
  })
  .enter()
  .append('svg') **// change this to: .append('div')**
  .attr("height", height + 20)

技巧二：一旦进行了上述更改，就会出现一个美学问题：包含文本的div将与包含矩形的div出现在同一行上。要解决此问题，需要在css页面中添加一段代码，指示第一个子项目的宽度将设置为100％。

.first>*:first-child {
    width: 100%;
}

有关第一个孩子的财产的更多信息，请参见：First-child full-width in Flexbox

在此处填写代码：

var doc = `Manual	Category	Function1	Function2	MaxRetentionRounded
DOG	"General Furry, Program and Subject Files"	Average Quantity and Planning	Jack	5
TR	Senate Committee on animal Standards	Bowl and Plate and Plate Design	Jack	5
TR	Published Canine	Bowl and Plate Design	Jack	1
TR	Canine case files	Bowl and Plate Design	Jack	1
DOG	Canine Files 	Avoiding Neck Strain	Jack	6
DOG	Canine Files 	Drooling	Jack	6
DOG	Canine Files 	Drooling	Jack	7
DG	ADVERTISING	At home	Jack	7
DG	PROMOTIONS	At home	Jack	100
DG3	Publications	At homeio	Jack	5
TR	Public and Information Services	At homeio	Jack	5
TR	Petting Services	Getting special treats	Jack	1
TR	Petting Services	Getting special treats	Jack	1
TR	Petting Services	Getting special treats	Jack	5
TR	Petting Services	Getting special pats	Snack	5
TR	Petting Services	Getting special pats	Snack	1
TR	Petting Services	Getting special pats	Snack	1
DG	DEVELOPMENT	Optimal time of day - walking	Snack	6
DG	INCOME AND REVENUE	Optimal time of day - walking	Snack	6
TR	Fundraising	Optimal time of day - walking	Snack	7
TR	Fundraising	Optimal time of day	Snack	7
DG	DEVELOPMENT	Optimal time of day	Snack	1
DG	INCOME AND REVENUE	Optimal time of day	Snack	5
TR	Wishbone	Protective Measures	Snack	5
TR	Wishbone	Protective Measures	Pack	1
DG	Wishbone	Observant of Limps Etc	Pack	1
DOG	Wishbone	Observant of Limps Etc	Pack	8
TR	Wishbone	Observant of Limps Etc	Pack	8
`;
const data = d3.tsvParse(doc, function(d) {
  return {
    Manual: d.Manual,
    Category: d.Category,
    Function1: d.Function1,
    Function2: d.Function2,
    MaxRetentionRounded: d.MaxRetentionRounded
  };
});

      var legendText = (["TR","DG","DOG","DG3"])

      var color = d3.scaleOrdinal()
      .domain(legendText)
      .range(["#f7f7f7","#cccccc","#404040","#c627c7"]);


var nest = d3.nest()
.key(function(d) {
  return d.Function2;
})
  .key(function(d) {
    return d.Function1;
  })
  .key(function(d) {
    return d.Category;
  })
  .entries(data);


var div = d3.select("body").append("div")
  .attr("class", "tooltip")
  .style("opacity", 0)

var height = 80,
  width = 150;

  data.sort(function(a, b) {
        return b.MaxRetentionRounded - a.MaxRetentionRounded;
      });


var divs = d3.select(".container")
  .selectAll(null)
  .data(nest)
  .enter()
  .append("div")
  .attr("class", "innerdiv");

divs.append("p")
  .html(function(d){
  return d.key;
  });



var divs2 = divs.selectAll(null)
  .data(function(d) {
    return d.values;
  })
  .enter()
  .append('div')
  .attr("class","first")


divs2.append("text")
  .attr('class', 'label1')
  .attr('x', 0)
  .attr('y', 0)
  .style("font-size", "16px")
  .style("font-weight","bold")
  .attr("width",600)
  .text(function(d) {
    return d.key;
  })
  .attr('text-anchor', 'start')

  var svgs2 = divs2.selectAll(null)
    .data(function(d) {
      return d.values;
    })
    .enter()
    .append('svg')
    .attr("class","second")
    .attr("width", function (d) {return String(d.Category).length > d.values.length ? (String(d.Category).length*27) : (d.values.length*30)})
    // .attr("width",200)
    .attr("height", height + 20);


  svgs2.append("text")
    .attr('class', 'label2')
    .attr('x', 0)
    .attr('y', 80)
    .style("font-size", "12px")
    .text(function(d) {
      return d.key;
    })
    .attr('text-anchor', 'start')

svgs2.selectAll("rect")
  .data(data)
  .enter().append("rect")
  .attr("class", "bar")
  .filter(function(d, i) {
    const x = d3.select(this.parentNode).datum();
    return x.key == d.Category ? 1 : 0;
  })
  .attr("height", function(d) {
    return d.MaxRetentionRounded * 5;
  })
  .attr("transform","translate(2,20)")
  .attr("width", "25")
  .attr("x", function(d, i) {
    return i * 30;
  })
  .attr("y", function(d,i) {return (height-40)-(d.MaxRetentionRounded*5);})
  .attr("stroke",function (d,i) {return d.ModifiedRetention === "TBD"? "blue" : "black"})

  .attr("fill", function(d) {
    return color(d.Manual)});

div.tooltip {
  position: absolute;
  text-align: center;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  padding: 3px;
  font: 12px sans-serif;
  border: 0px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  pointer-events: none;
  background: lightgrey;
}

.container {
  display: flex;
  padding: 0px;
  flex: 1 1 1;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;

}

.innerdiv {
 text-align: left;
 font-size: 21px;
 font-family: "Century Gothic";
 flex: 1 1 1;
}

.innerdiv + .innerdiv {
 padding-left: 0px;
  border-left: 2px solid lightgray;
  }


.first>*:first-child {
    width: 100%;
}
div.first {
  display: flex;
  padding: 0px;
  flex: 0 0 100%;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  flex-direction: row;
  align-items: center;

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.13.0/d3.min.js"></script>
<div class="container"></div>