使用PyTCC库从C函数返回PyObject时,如何解决“访问冲突”错误

时间:2019-04-09 18:11:45

标签: python ctypes jit tcc

我正在使用一个包装了名为PyTCC的LibTCC的Python库。

我正在尝试使用Python进行JIT编译代码的方法。问题是,在调用函数时,我可以正确返回正常的C数据类型,但是在返回任何PyObject *时出现“访问冲突”错误。

我已经确保可以从PyTCC执行代码,如我的代码示例所示。这也意味着该代码示例已成功编译。

import ctypes, pytcc

program = b"""
#include "Python.h"

/* Cannot return 3 due to access violation */
PyObject * pop(PyObject * self, PyObject * args, PyObject * kwargs) {
    // Cannot return *any* Python object
    return PyLong_FromLong(3);
}

int foobar() { return 3; }  // Returns 3 just fine

// Needed to appease TCC:
int main() { }
"""

jit_code = pytcc.TCCState()
jit_code.add_include_path('C:/Python37/include')
jit_code.add_library_path('C:/Python37')
jit_code.add_library('python37')
jit_code.compile_string(program)
jit_code.relocate()

foobar_proto = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int)
foobar = foobar_proto(jit_code.get_symbol('foobar'))

print(f'It works: {foobar()}')

pop_proto = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_voidp)
pop = pop_proto(jit_code.get_symbol('pop'))

print('But this does not for some reason:')
print(pop())
print('Never gets here due to access violation :(')

程序的输出应为:

It works: 3
But this does not for some reason:
3
Never gets here due to access violation :(

但是,相反,我得到了这个确切的错误:

It works: 3
But this does not for some reason:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "fails.py", line 40, in <module>
    print(pop())
OSError: exception: access violation writing 0x00000000FFC000E9

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

很可能是因为创建对象时没有GIL。您还对返回类型有疑问。 ctypes.c_voidp告诉python将其视为int而不是PyObject,因此,如果不是访问冲突,您将看到的只是值指针本身而不是它指向的对象。

尝试:

    PyObject * pop() {
    PyGILState_STATE gstate;
    gstate = PyGILState_Ensure();
    PyObject* obj = PyLong_FromLong(10);
    PyGILState_Release(gstate);
    return obj;
}

并切换
pop_proto = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_voidp)

pop_proto = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.py_object)

我的运行输出(将pyobject中的值从3更改为10只是为了证明它成功了

It works: 3
But this does not for some reason:
10
Never gets here due to access violation :(

答案 1 :(得分:0)

无法与 PyTCC 一起使用,但是代码中有问题。

根据[Python 3]: class ctypes.PyDLL(name, mode=DEFAULT_MODE, handle=None)强调是我的):

  

此类的实例的行为类似于CDLL实例,除了在函数调用期间 not 释放Python GIL,并且在函数执行后检查Python错误标志。如果设置了错误标志,则会引发Python异常。

     

因此,这仅在直接调用Python C api函数时有用

注意 CFUNCTYPE 用于 CDLL ,与 PYFUNCTYPE 相同 PyDLL

因此,在 pop_proto 中,您应将ctypes.CFUNCTYPE替换为ctypes.PyFUNCTYPE(请注意,您在 c_voidp 中有错字)。

接下来,同一页显示对于 PyObject * C ),应使用 py_object Python )。所以:

pop_proto = ctypes.PyFUNCTYPE(ctypes.py_object)

如果您要严格,则必须在原型中包括参数,这会使代码看起来更加复杂,但是对于这种特殊情况(它们将被忽略),它不是强制性的:

pop_proto = ctypes.PyFUNCTYPE(ctypes.py_object, ctypes.py_object, ctypes.py_object, ctypes.py_object)

下面是PyObject *PyBytes_Repr(PyObject *obj, int smartquotes)的示例(以“老式”方式调用 C 函数):

[cfati@CFATI-5510-0:C:\WINDOWS\system32]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_064_03.07.03_test0\Scripts\python.exe"
Python 3.7.3 (v3.7.3:ef4ec6ed12, Mar 25 2019, 22:22:05) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>> import sys
>>> import os
>>> import ctypes
>>>
>>> python_dll_name = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable), "python" + str(sys.version_info.major) + str(sys.version_info.minor) + ".dll")
>>> python_dll_name
'e:\\Work\\Dev\\VEnvs\\py_064_03.07.03_test0\\Scripts\\python37.dll'
>>>
>>> python_dll = ctypes.PyDLL(python_dll_name)
>>>
>>> pybytes_repr_proto = ctypes.PYFUNCTYPE(ctypes.py_object, ctypes.py_object, ctypes.c_int)
>>> pybytes_repr = pybytes_repr_proto(("PyBytes_Repr", python_dll))
>>>
>>> b = b"abcd"
>>>
>>> reprb = pybytes_repr(b, 0)
>>> reprb
"b'abcd'"

您还可以选中[SO]: How to cast a ctypes pointer to an instance of a Python class (@CristiFati's answer)