Question

我正在尝试创建一个程序，可以在具有某些属性的游戏中存储NPC。例如：派系，个性，兴趣/爱好。为此，我创建了一个NPC类。

class NPC: #name, faction, position/job, character, interests, other
    def __init__ (self, name, faction, pos, char, inter, misc):
        self.name = name
        self.faction = faction
        self.pos = pos
        self.char = char
        self.inter = inter
        self.misc = misc

我为此程序创建了各种功能，例如创建新功能，更改NPC上的某些属性，删除它们，打印它们并对其进行排序。要存储NPC，我将它们附加到名为“ NPClist”的列表中。我想知道如何将此列表保存到.text文件或其他内容。到目前为止，我已经尝试了pickle模块，但这似乎不起作用。（来源：How to save a list to a file and read it as a list type?）

with open("NPCs.text", "wb") as file:
    pickle.dump(NPClist, file)

with open("NPCs.text", "rb") as file:
    NPClist.append(pickle.load(file))

我已将底部的一个放在程序的顶部，以便在启动程序时将其加载，而顶部的则放在循环的顶部，以便将其频繁保存。当我尝试启动程序时，收到错误消息。

AttributeError: Can't get attribute 'NPC' on <module '__main__' (built-in)>

还有其他方法可以解决此问题吗？还是我只是以错误的方式来腌制？

Answer 1

如果您只需要属性，我建议您仅保存属性，而不要尝试保存整个对象，并使用NPC中的一些辅助方法使此过程更容易。

例如：

class NPC:

    def dump(self):
        return [self.name, self.faction, self.pos, self.char, self.inter, self.misc]

    @staticmethod
    def build_npc(attributes):
        return NPC(*attributes)

然后您可以像这样处理转储：

NPClist = [NPC(...), NPC(...) ... ]

with open("NPCs.text", "wb") as file:
    pickle.dump([i.dump() for i in NPClist], file)

并像这样加载：

with open("NPCs.text", "rb") as file:
    NPClist = [NPC.build_npc(attributes) for attributes in pickle.load(file)]

Answer 2

class NPC: #name, faction, position/job, character, interests, other
    def __init__ (self, name, faction, pos, char, inter, misc):
        self.name = name
        self.faction = faction
        self.pos = pos
        self.char = char
        self.inter = inter
        self.misc = misc

NPCList = []

handsome_npc = NPC(name='n1c9', faction='Good People', pos='Developer',
                   char='', inter='', misc='')

# create other NPCs as needed

NPCList.append(handsome_npc)

with open('NPCS.text', 'w') as f:
    f.write('name,faction,pos\n')
    # add other attrs as wanted
    for npc in NPCList:
        f.write(f"{npc.name}, {npc.faction}, {npc.pos}")
        # add other attrs as wanted
        f.write('\n')

试图写一些初学者可以使用的东西-因此可能有些冗长。马克·泰勒的答案也很好！

re：评论-您可以像下面这样访问文件：

class NPC: #name, faction, position/job, character, interests, other
    def __init__ (self, name, faction, pos, char, inter, misc):
        self.name = name
        self.faction = faction
        self.pos = pos
        self.char = char
        self.inter = inter
        self.misc = misc

npclist_built_from_file = []
with open('NPCS.text', 'r') as f:
    NPCS_lines = f.readlines()
    for line in NPCS_lines[1:]: # skip the header line
        npc = NPC(name=line[0], faction=line[1], pos=line[2], char='', inter='', misc='')
        # I used empty strings for char/inter/misc because they were empty in the original
        # example, but you would just fill out line[3], line[4], line[5] for the rest if wanted.
        npclist_built_from_file.append(npc)

然后，您可以对列表npclist_built_from_file中的NPC对象执行任何操作

Answer 3

import ast

def stringifyNPC(c):
  return str(c.__dict__)

def unStringifyNPC(s):
  n = NPC(None,None,None,None,None,None)
  n.__dict__ = ast.literal_eval(s)
  return n

尝试将类（在列表中）保存到文件

3 个答案: