我在汇编中编写自己的atoi函数时遇到了麻烦。说明是
“更改函数,使其返回传递给函数的C字符串(指针)的整数等效值。您可以假定第一个字符在'0'和'9'之间(包括0和9)。从第一个字符到第一个字符(不是十进制数字)的所有字符。如您所见,mains使用atoias返回的值作为退出代码(这是访问atoi输出的廉价方法,而无需编写itoafunction ) 如给您的一样,atoireturns为1234。返回值与0xFF进行ANDed运算,以将其减小为一个字节。因此1234&255变为210。”
# Useful constants
.equ STDIN,0
.equ STDOUT,1
.equ READ,0
.equ WRITE,1
.equ EXIT,60
# Stack frame
.equ bufferSize, 32
.equ buffer,-bufferSize
.equ localSize,16
.equ frameSize, bufferSize + localSize
# Read only data
.section .rodata # the read-only data section
prompt:
.string "Enter an integer: "
.equ promptSz,.-prompt-1
msg:
.string "You entered: "
.equ msgSz,.-msg-1
.text # switch to text section
.globl __start
__start:
pushq %rbp # save caller’s frame pointer
movq %rsp, %rbp # establish our frame pointer
subq $frameSize, %rsp # for local variables
movl $promptSz, %edx # prompt size
movl $prompt, %esi # address of prompt text string
movl $STDOUT, %edi # standard out
movl $WRITE, %eax
syscall # request kernel service
movl $bufferSize,%edx
leaq buffer(%rbp), %rsi # load buffer address
movl $STDIN, %edi # standard in
movl $READ, %eax
syscall # request kernel service
movl %eax, (%rsp) # store num chars read
leaq buffer(%rbp), %rsi # load buffer address
call atoi # our exit code will be the return from atoi
movq %rbp, %rsp # delete local variables
popq %rbp # restore caller’s frame pointer
movl %eax, %edi # put exit status in %edi (will be ANDed with FF)
movl $EXIT, %eax # exit from this process
syscall
基本代码如下所示,我只需要实现自己的atoi。到目前为止,我对atoi函数的功能是
atoi:
pushq %rbp # save caller’s frame pointer
movq %rsp, %rbp # establish our frame pointer
subq $16, %rsp # for local variables
movq %rdi, -16(%rbp) #moving first argument to local variable
movl $0, -4(%rbp) #moving 0 to local variable
movl $10, -12(%rbp) #moving 10 to local variable
movl -16(%rbp), %rax
movzbl (%rax), %eax #getting value of rax
movl -4(%rbp), %eax
imull -12(%rbp), %eax
movl %eax, -4(%rbp)
movq %rbp, %rsp # delete local variables
popq %rbp # restore caller’s frame pointer
ret
我不知下一步该去哪里。看来我所做的一切只会给我带来细分错误
答案 0 :(得分:0)
您正在过度使用局部变量(而未充分使用寄存器);当发现无效字符时,将需要一个停止的循环;并且可能使用了错误的调用约定(系统调用看起来像Linux,这意味着System V AMD64 ABI,这意味着参数是通过寄存器而不是堆栈传递的。)
请注意,这完全可以不需要任何局部变量。例如(NASM语法,因为我不做AT&T,未经测试):
;Convert string to integer
;
;Input
; rdi = first parameter (address of string)
;
;Output
; rax = result
atoi:
xor rax,rax ;rax = 0 (this will become the returned result)
.nextChar:
movzx rcx,byte [rdi] ;rcx = next character
sub rcx,'0' ;rcx = value of next digit
jb .done ;Invalid character (too low to be a decimal digit)
cmp rcx,9 ;Was it too high to be a decimal digit?
ja .done ; yes, invalid
lea rax,[rax*4+rax] ;rax = result*5
lea rax,[rax*2+rcx] ;rax = result*5*2 + digit = result*10 + digit
inc rdi ;rdi = address of next character
jmp .nextChar
.done:
ret
注意:此代码不适用于负值(例如,以'-'
开头的字符串),并且在结果溢出时不会返回错误条件。结果也将是64位(而int
可能是32位)。通常,这是“转换为unsigned long long”(错误处理就像atoi()
一样糟糕。)