摘要。
我有两个python文件。第一个读取一些输入（文本），第二个存储一些功能。这里的问题是我用来查找所需功能的方法。现在，我正在使用If / Elif方法比较输入和函数，但是此方法需要将存储在第二个文件中的所有函数与输入进行比较，我在考虑是否“这是最好的方法吗？” 。
完整说明。
我正在尝试构建一个Telegram聊天机器人，只是为了练习一些Python。在开始之前，我先绘制了一个思维导图，以了解此脚本将要做什么。基于这种思维导图，我想到了将代码拆分到不同文件中的想法，以便更好地组织所有内容并简化调试过程。所以，我做到了。我将凭据（用于api）存储在一个文件中，将大型机存储在另一个文件中，将功能存储在另一个文件中。我使用From Credentials import *和From Comands import *将文件导入大型机。当有任何文本输入到bot时，它首先检查其启动方式，如果以“ /”开头，则将斜杠后的内容存储在变量中，并将其作为参数发送到功能文件。什么时候开始寻找所需的确切命令并执行它。它有效，但我想是否有更好的方法可以做到这一点。希望我能很好地解释问题，并且您可以帮助我。这是我在说的代码摘录。
mainframe.py
from Comands import *
from credentials import *
...
if text.startswith("/"):
comando = text[1:]
print(comando)
Comands.search(comando)
elif text in items:
db.delete_item(text, chat)
items = db.get_items(chat)
keyboard = build_keyboard(items)
send_message("Select an item to delete", chat, keyboard)
else:
db.add_item(text, chat)
items = db.get_items(chat)
message = "\n".join(items)
send_message(message, chat)
...
Comands.py
from message_dictionary import *
from mainframe import *
def search(comando):
if comando == "start":
def start():
keyboard = build_keyboard(acuerdo)
send_message(mensaje["start"], chat, keyboard)
elif comando == "done":
def done():
keyboard = build_kerboard(items)
send_message("Select an item to delete", chat, keyboard)
答案 0 :(得分：0)
首先，我将从2条建议开始：
mainframe.py
import command
comando_str = 'str_command'
# at this stage we want to call command.str_command(), but we have a string, not a function
if hasattr(command, comando_str): # let's check if such command exist in `command` module
comando_function = getattr(command, comando_str) # now let's get a reference to that function
# we can now call comando_function()!
# but maybe you have some parameters to call (like passing in `keyboard`)
arg_count = comando_function.__code__.co_argcount # total number of arguments to the function
# co_varnames has all the variables that function would use, but arguments come firs
arg_names = comando_function.__code__.co_varnames[:arg_count]
if arg_count >= 1 and arg_names[0] == 'keyboard':
comando_function(keyboard)
elif arg_count == 0: # function require no arguments
comando_function()
else:
raise Exception('Function %s could not be called', comando_str)
else:
raise Exception('Function command.%s is not declared', comando_str)
command.py
import message_dictionary as md # no *!
def str_command(keyboard):
md.send_message(mensaje["start"], chat, keyboard) # now I know that send_message is in md (message_dictionary)
def start():
keyboard = build_keyboard(acuerdo)
send_message(mensaje["start"], chat, keyboard)
关于comand.py的一些说明：
def search(comando): # ok
if comando == "start": # ok
# here you define function `start`
# yet, you have not called `start` function
# so, when you exit `search` function, this function is gone!
def start():
keyboard = build_keyboard(acuerdo) # where is acuerdo is declared?
send_message(mensaje["start"], chat, keyboard) # where mensaje and chat are declared?
elif comando == "done":
# same problem as with `start` function above
def done():
keyboard = build_kerboard(items)
send_message("Select an item to delete", chat, keyboard)
修改了comand.py以返回可调用函数（以解决注释中的问题）：
def search(comando):
if comando == "start":
def start():
keyboard = build_keyboard(acuerdo)
send_message(mensaje["start"], chat, keyboard)
return start
elif comando == "done":
# same problem as with `start` function above
def done():
keyboard = build_kerboard(items)
send_message("Select an item to delete", chat, keyboard)
return done
修改片段mainframe.py以使用返回值：
if text.startswith("/"):
comando = text[1:]
print(comando) # look at the logging as a fancy replacing for print
call_me = Comands.search(comando)
if call_me: # checking that something is returned (not None)
call_me() # example of calling it
答案 1 :(得分：0)
是的。
mainframe.py（实际上称为Prubeas.py）
#PYTHON 3.6.2
#LGsus
import json
import requests
import time
import urllib
from dbhelper import DBHelper
from credentials import *
from message_dictionary import *
import Comands
db = DBHelper()
#DECLARAR ID DEL BOT Y URL DE TELEGRAM
URL = "https://api.telegram.org/bot{}/".format(telegram_token)
#CONSULTAR ESTADO
def get_url(url):
response = requests.get(url)
content = response.content.decode("utf8")
return content
#CAMBIAR DE JSON A PYTHON (PARSE)
def get_json_from_url(url):
content = get_url(url)
js = json.loads(content)
return js
#SOLICITAR LISTA DE MENSAJES
def get_updates(offset=None):
url = URL + "getUpdates?timeout=100"
if offset:
url += "&offset={}".format(offset)
js = get_json_from_url(url)
return js
#DETERMINAR MENSAJES NO LEÍDOS
def get_last_update_id(updates):
update_ids = []
for update in updates["result"]:
update_ids.append(int(update["update_id"]))
return max(update_ids)
#RESPONDER A TODOS LOS NO LEIDOS
def handle_updates(updates):
for update in updates["result"]:
text = update["message"]["text"]
chat = update["message"]["chat"]["id"]
items = db.get_items(chat)
if text.startswith("/"):
comando = text[1:]
print(comando)
Comands.search(comando)
#fin = text.find(" ")
#print(fin)
#if text == "/done":
# keyboard = build_keyboard(items)
# send_message("select an item to delete", chat, keyboard)
#elif text == "/start":
# keyboard = build_keyboard(acuerdo)
# send_message(mensajes["start"], chat, keyboard)
#elif text.startswith("/"):
# continue
elif text in items:
db.delete_item(text, chat)
items = db.get_items(chat)
keyboard = build_keyboard(items)
send_message("Select an item to delete", chat, keyboard)
else:
db.add_item(text, chat)
items = db.get_items(chat)
message = "\n".join(items)
send_message(message, chat)
#SOLICITAR ULTIMO MENSAJE Y ID DEL CHAT
def get_last_chat_id_and_text(updates):
global Texto
global full_last
num_updates = len(updates["result"])
lista = updates["result"]
data = json.dumps(lista)
last_update = num_updates - 1
full_last = updates["result"][last_update]
Texto = "text" in full_last["message"]
if Texto == True:
text = updates["result"][last_update]["message"]["text"]
else:
text = "Entrada invalida"
chat_id = updates["result"][last_update]["message"]["chat"]["id"]
return (text, chat_id)
#CREAR EL TECLADO
def build_keyboard(items):
keyboard = [[item] for item in items]
reply_markup = {"keyboard":keyboard, "one_time_keyboard":True}
return json.dumps(reply_markup)
#ENVIAR MENSAJE
def send_message(text, chat_id, reply_markup=None):
text = text.encode(encoding='utf-8')
text = urllib.parse.quote_plus(text)
url = URL + "sendMessage?text={}&chat_id={}&parse_mode=Markdown".format(text, chat_id)
if reply_markup:
url += "&reply_markup={}".format(reply_markup)
get_url(url)
print (text)
text, chat = get_last_chat_id_and_text(get_updates())
send_message(text, chat)
##EJECUTAR
def main():
db.setup()
last_update_id = None
while True:
updates = get_updates(last_update_id)
if len(updates["result"]) > 0:
last_update_id = get_last_update_id(updates) + 1
handle_updates(updates)
time.sleep(0.5)
#CONDICION PARA EJECUTAR
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
#import ccxt
#b = ccxt.bitso({
# 'apiKey': "XXXXXX",
# 'secret': "XXXXXX",
# 'verbose': False,
# })
#
#print(b.fetchBalance())
此代码末尾注释的是某个API，一旦完成电报api，我将在稍后尝试使用。
Comands.py
#Lista de comandos
from message_dictionary import *
from Prubebas import *
def search(comando):
if comando == "start":
#def start():
keyboard = build_keyboard(acuerdo)
send_message(mensaje["start"], chat, keyboard)
def done():
keyboard = build_kerboard(items)
send_message("Select an item to delete", chat, keyboard)
我很抱歉混合语言。非常感谢您的帮助。