错误“此服务器版本在此位置的SELECT无效输入，期望在MySQL Workbench中为'（'WITH”

Question

我正在尝试检索为John Smith从事的所有项目工作的员工的SSN。具体来说，我应该展示除法运算的功能。我从教科书中有一些使用嵌套函数的示例，但是我不断收到错误“ SELECT在此位置无效输入”。

我尝试了here和here的建议。一旦创建嵌套函数，就会弹出错误消息……单独地，语句执行没有问题。

我遵循了课本中的各种示例，甚至给出了相同的错误。

# This works by itself
# smith proj nums
(SELECT Pno
FROM WORKS_ON
WHERE Essn =    # smith ssn
                (SELECT ssn 
                FROM employee 
                WHERE Fname="John" AND Lname="Smith"));

# This also works by itself:
# employee SSNs and projs
(SELECT Essn,Pno
from WORKS_ON);

# When nested, I get the error:
SELECT ssn
FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT Essn,Pno
                 FROM WORKS_ON
                 EXCEPT(SELECT Pno
                        FROM WORKS_ON
                        WHERE Essn = (SELECT ssn 
                                FROM employee 
                                WHERE Fname="John" AND Lname="Smith")));