我正在为一个类编写程序，该类应该破解用unix函数“ crypt”加密和加密的密码。密码可以采用单词+数字或数字+单词的形式，其中数字最多可以为三位数。我们应该能够找到的示例密码如下：ant123、1ant，ant22、99ant等。
我已经编写了一个可以正确执行此操作的程序，但是现在我们应该使用Open MPI加快速度。在尝试实现我的Open MPI代码之前，它的编译情况还不错，但是现在却给我一个错误。
我正在尝试使用mpic++ -std=c++11 -Wall main.cc进行编译，但出现的错误是：
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"file_IO(int, char**, std::__1::vector<std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >, std::__1::allocator<std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > > >&, std::__1::vector<std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >, std::__1::allocator<std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > > >&, std::__1::vector<std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >, std::__1::allocator<std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > > >&)", referenced from:
_main in main-33a67e.o
(maybe you meant: __Z7file_IOiPPcRNSt3__16vectorINS1_12basic_stringIcNS1_11char_traitsIcEENS1_9allocatorIcEEEENS6_IS8_EEEESB_SB_SB_)
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
main.cc：
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <mpi.h>
using namespace std;
void file_IO(int argc, char *argv[], vector<string> &encPass, vector<string> &words,
vector<string> &salts);
void build_guesses(vector<string> &guesses, vector<string> &words);
void crack(string pass, vector<string> &salts, vector<string> &guesses);
void broadcast_receive(vector<string> &encPass, vector<string> &words, vector<string> &salts,
vector<string> &guesses, int numProcesses, int procNum);
vector<char> convert(vector<string> &strings);
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
vector<string> encPass;
vector<string> words;
vector<string> salts;
vector<string> guesses;
int numProcesses;
int procNum;
MPI_Init(NULL, NULL);
MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &numProcesses);
MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &procNum);
if(procNum == 0) {
file_IO(argc, argv, encPass, words, salts);
build_guesses(guesses, words);
}
else {
broadcast_receive(encPass, words, salts, guesses, numProcesses, procNum);
for(size_t i = 0; i < encPass.size(); i++) {
size_t del = encPass[i].rfind("$");
string pass = encPass[i].substr(del);
crack(pass, salts, guesses);
}
}
MPI_Finalize();
return 0;
}
void file_IO(int argc, char *argv[], vector<string> &encPass, vector<string> &words,
vector<string> &salts, vector<string> &passwords) {
if(argc < 3) {
cout << "One or more files were not specified." << endl;
cout << "Correct format is './a.out file1 file2'" << endl;
exit(1);
}
ifstream secretPass(argv[1]);
string singlePass;
while(getline(secretPass, singlePass)) {
encPass.push_back(singlePass);
}
secretPass.close();
ifstream dictionary(argv[2]);
string word;
while(getline(dictionary, word)) {
words.push_back(word);
}
dictionary.close();
ifstream salt("salts");
string s;
while(getline(salt, s)) {
salts.push_back(s);
}
salt.close();
}
void build_guesses(vector<string> &guesses, vector<string> &words) {
//one word and one number
for(size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); i++) {
for(size_t j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
guesses.push_back(words[i] + to_string(j));
}
}
//one number and one word
for(size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for(size_t j = 0; j < words.size(); j++) {
guesses.push_back(to_string(i) + words[j]);
}
}
//one word and two numbers
for(size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); i++) {
for(size_t j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
for(size_t x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
guesses.push_back(words[i] + to_string(j) + to_string(x));
}
}
}
//two numbers and one word
for(size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for(size_t j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
for(size_t x = 0; x < words.size(); x++) {
guesses.push_back(to_string(i) + to_string(j) + words[x]);
}
}
}
//one word and three numbers
for(size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); i++) {
for(size_t j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
for(size_t x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
for(size_t y = 0; y < 10; y++) {
guesses.push_back(words[i] + to_string(j) + to_string(x) + to_string(y));
}
}
}
}
//three numbers and one word
for(size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for(size_t j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
for(size_t x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
for(size_t y = 0; y < words.size(); y++) {
guesses.push_back(to_string(i) + to_string(j) + to_string(x) + words[y]);
}
}
}
}
}
void crack(string pass, vector<string> &salts, vector<string> &guesses) {
for(size_t i = 0; i < salts.size(); i++) {
for(size_t j = 0; j < guesses.size(); j++) {
string ep = crypt(guesses[j].c_str(), salts[i].c_str());
if(ep.compare(salts[i] + pass) == 0) {
cout << "Password: " + guesses[j] << endl;
}
}
}
cout << "Password not found" << endl;
}
void broadcast_receive(vector<string> &encPass, vector<string> &words, vector<string> &salts,
vector<string> &guesses, int numProcesses, int procNum) {
int buffer[4];
buffer[0] = encPass.size();
buffer[1] = words.size();
buffer[2] = salts.size();
MPI_Bcast(buffer, 3, MPI_INT, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
encPass.resize(buffer[0]);
words.resize(buffer[1]);
salts.resize(buffer[2]);
vector<char> ep = convert(encPass);
vector<char> w = convert(words);
vector<char> s = convert(salts);
vector<char> g = convert(guesses);
MPI_Bcast(ep.data(), ep.size(), MPI_CHAR, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
MPI_Bcast(w.data(), w.size(), MPI_CHAR, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
MPI_Bcast(s.data(), s.size(), MPI_CHAR, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
MPI_Bcast(g.data(), g.size(), MPI_CHAR, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
}
vector<char> convert(vector<string> &strings) {
vector<char> cstrings;
cstrings.reserve(strings.size());
for(string s : strings) {
for(size_t i = 0; i < strlen(s.c_str()); i++) {
cstrings.push_back(s.c_str()[i]);
}
}
return cstrings;
}
当我注释掉file_IO(argc, argv, encPass, words, salts);时，程序编译时没有警告或错误，但是我不确定为什么此函数会引起问题，因为在添加Open MPI代码之前，该函数编译良好。