我正在使用一个托管IHostedService
的.NET Core 2.2控制台应用程序:
public class MqttClientHostedService : IHostedService, IDisposable
{
[...]
public MqttClientHostedService(
ILogger<MqttClientHostedService> logger,
IOptions<MqttClientConfiguration> mqttConfiguration,
IPositionService positionService)
{
this.logger = logger;
this.config = mqttConfiguration;
this.positionService = positionService;
}
public async Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
mqttClient = new MqttFactory().CreateMqttClient();
mqttClient.Connected += async (s, e) => await MqttClient_Connected(s, e);
mqttClient.ApplicationMessageReceived +=
async (s, e) => await MqttClient_ApplicationMessageReceived(s, e);
await mqttClient.ConnectAsync(
new MqttClientOptionsBuilder()
.WithTcpServer(config.Value.Host, config.Value.Port).Build());
}
private async Task MqttClient_ApplicationMessageReceived(
object sender, MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs e)
{
string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.ApplicationMessage.Payload);
await positionService.HandleMessage(message);
}
[...]
}
此IPositionService
是一位经理,负责检查邮件并检查邮件是否可以保存在我们的数据库中:
public class PositionService : IPositionService
{
[...]
public PositionService(
IUnitOfWork unitOfWork, ILogger<PositionService> logger)
{
this.unitOfWork = unitOfWork;
this.logger = logger;
}
public async Task HandleMessage(string message)
{
Entity entity = await unitOfWork.EntityRepository.GetByMessage(message);
[...]
await unitOfWork.EntityRepository.UpdateAsync(entity);
await unitOfWork.Save();
}
[...]
}
IUnitOfWork
是Entity Framework Core DbContext
的包装(请不要判断我,我有这样做的理由):
public class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork
{
[...]
public UnitOfWork(MyContext myContext)
{
this.myContext = myContext;
EntityRepository = new EFRepository<Entity>(myContext);
}
public async Task Save()
{
await myContext.SaveChangesAsync();
}
}
实现EFRepository<T>
接口的 IRepository<T>
是DbSet<T>
的包装(同样,请不要评判我)。这里没有相关代码。
控制台应用程序的Program.cs的配置如下:
[...]
.ConfigureServices((hostContext, services) =>
{
services.AddDbContext<MyContext>(
c => c.UseSqlServer("[...]", options => options.UseNetTopologySuite()),
ServiceLifetime.Transient);
services.AddTransient<IPositionService, PositionService>();
services.AddTransient(typeof(IRepository<>), typeof(EFRepository<>));
services.AddTransient<IUnitOfWork, UnitOfWork>();
services.AddHostedService<MqttClientHostedService>();
[...]
});
问题是PositionService.HandleMessage
每秒被调用很多次,并且DbContext
不是线程安全的,我收到此错误消息:
在此之前,第二个操作在此上下文上开始 完成。
我通过从IUnitOfWork
的依赖项中删除PositionService
,注入IServiceScopeFactory
并执行以下操作来解决此问题:
using (IServiceScope serviceScope = serviceScopeFactory.CreateScope())
{
IUnitOfWork unitOfWork = serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetService<IUnitOfWork>();
[...]
}
这种方式有效,但我不喜欢它。这似乎是一个把戏,我不喜欢我的PositionService
知道Dependency Injection
并且必须处理范围这一事实。
我的问题是:有一种更好的方法可以解决这个问题而又不影响我的课程?我应该使整个UnitOfWork
线程安全吗?或者也许不用DI手工创建它?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
问题的根源在于,MyContext
在以下对象图中被俘虏为俘虏依赖性:
MqttClientHostedService
-> PositionService
-> UnitOfWork
-> MyContext
此图中的所有类型都注册为Transient
,但是,在托管服务(例如您的MqttClientHostedService
)中,仅解析一次的时间为应用程序并不确定地缓存。这实际上使他们成为单身人士。
换句话说,MyContext
偶然被单个MqttClientHostedService
保持活动,并且由于可以并行出现多个消息,因此您处于竞争状态。
解决方案是让每个ApplicationMessageReceived
事件在其自己的唯一小气泡(作用域)中运行,并从该气泡中解析一个新的IPositionService
。例如:
public class MqttClientHostedService : IHostedService, IDisposable
{
[...]
public MqttClientHostedService(
ILogger<MqttClientHostedService> logger,
IOptions<MqttClientConfiguration> mqttConfiguration,
IServiceProvider provider)
{
this.logger = logger;
this.config = mqttConfiguration;
this.provider = provider;
}
[...]
private async Task MqttClient_ApplicationMessageReceived(
object sender, MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs e)
{
using (var scope = provider.CreateScope())
{
positionService = scope.ServiceProvider
.GetRequiredService<IPositionService>();
string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.ApplicationMessage.Payload);
await positionService.HandleMessage(message);
}
}
[...]
}