我一直在将一个项目从Java 8迁移到Java12。除单元测试外，其他一切都很顺利。当我使用Maven编译和启动测试时，许多测试失败，并显示以下消息：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not initialize plugin: interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker (alternate: null)
at com.tetratech.csoft.ui.jfx.AppContextTest.<init>(AppContextTest.java:22)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker implementation declared in java.lang.CompoundEnumeration@35fd987b
Caused by: org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoInitializationException:
Could not initialize inline Byte Buddy mock maker. (This mock maker is not supported on Android.)
Java : 12
JVM vendor name : Oracle Corporation
JVM vendor version : 12+33
JVM name : OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM
JVM version : 12+33
JVM info : mixed mode, sharing
OS name : Windows 10
OS version : 10.0
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not self-attach to current VM using external process
从IntelliJ启动时，我得到了更详细的消息：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not initialize plugin: interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker (alternate: null)
at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader$1.invoke(PluginLoader.java:74)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy7.isTypeMockable(Unknown Source)
at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.typeMockabilityOf(MockUtil.java:29)
at org.mockito.internal.util.MockCreationValidator.validateType(MockCreationValidator.java:22)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.validatedSettings(MockSettingsImpl.java:240)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.build(MockSettingsImpl.java:228)
at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:61)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1907)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1816)
at com.tetratech.csoft.ui.jfx.AppContextTest.<init>(AppContextTest.java:22)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:500)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:481)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:217)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:266)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:263)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker implementation declared in java.lang.CompoundEnumeration@460d0a57
at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginInitializer.loadImpl(PluginInitializer.java:54)
at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader.loadPlugin(PluginLoader.java:57)
at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader.loadPlugin(PluginLoader.java:44)
at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginRegistry.<init>(PluginRegistry.java:22)
at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.Plugins.<clinit>(Plugins.java:19)
at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.<clinit>(MockUtil.java:24)
... 29 more
Caused by: org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoInitializationException:
Could not initialize inline Byte Buddy mock maker. (This mock maker is not supported on Android.)
Java : 12
JVM vendor name : Oracle Corporation
JVM vendor version : 12+33
JVM name : OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM
JVM version : 12+33
JVM info : mixed mode, sharing
OS name : Windows 10
OS version : 10.0
为解决此问题，如对类似问题的解答所建议的那样，我修改了pom.xml使其包括以下依赖性：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
<version>2.25.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
<version>2.25.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.bytebuddy</groupId>
<artifactId>byte-buddy</artifactId>
<version>1.9.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.bytebuddy</groupId>
<artifactId>byte-buddy-agent</artifactId>
<version>1.9.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.objenesis</groupId>
<artifactId>objenesis</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
根据某些人的说法，这是使用JRE（而非JDK）启动测试时发生的问题。由于我使用的是OpenJDK 12，所以不是这种情况。
在Java 8中成功运行的OpenJDK 12中的测试失败，除了我向您展示的内容以外，没有其他修改。在我们的测试中，org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker是必需的，因为许多类来自于遗留代码，并且具有许多最终类。正如您在消息日志中看到的那样，测试是使用Windows 10上运行的OpenJDK 12启动的。
是否可以使用Mockito运行这些测试？我知道PowerMockito可以解决此问题，但是使用它意味着在测试类中进行了大量修改。
谢谢。
答案 0 :(得分：0)
我终于能够解决我的问题。答案的关键是线
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not self-attach to current VM using external process
对于Java 9和更高版本，必须添加-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true作为VM参数以避免这种异常。当我这样做时，单元测试运行得很好。
这是我找到的链接：