子表外键自动填充与父表主键相同的值

时间:2019-04-03 14:44:12

标签: android sql sqlite

我创建了两个表,这些表中有一个主键和外键。我想编写代码,当我将其插入到table1中,然后再插入到table2中时,因此将自动插入与table1的主键相同的table2的table2外键列中的值。 >

我正在android studio中为我的android应用程序创建这些表和数据库,并使用sqlite3。

CREATE TABLE table1(
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, 
    name VARCHAR, 
    fathername VARCHAR,
    dob DATE, 
    age INT 
);

CREATE TABLE table2(
    m_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, 
    treatdate DATE, 
    hospital VARCHAR,
    city VARCHAR, 
    id2 INT,
    FOREIGN KEY (id2) REFERENCES table1(id) 
);

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

如果使用SQLiteDatabse 插入方法,它将在插入行上返回 rowid (对于未使用WITHOUT ROWID定义的表)。由于您已经使用INTEGER PRIMARY KEY定义了 id 列,因此它是 rowid 列的别名,因此分配给 id 的值将返回(如果已成功插入该列,则返回-1)。

例如

ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
cv.put("name","Fred");
cv.put("fathername","George");
cv.put("dob","2000-01-01");
cv.put("age",21)
long returned_id = your_sqlite_database.insert("table1",null,cv);

returned_id 将是插入到 table1 中的行的ID。

通常情况下,上述方法位于以名称,父亲名称,出生日期和年龄作为参数并返回ID的方法中。

工作示例

数据库助手(SQLiteOpenHelper的子类)DBHelper.java

这将创建数据库和表并定义3种方法:-

  • addTable1Row 将行添加到table1中,该行返回带有插入行ID的long。
  • addTable2Row 将行添加到table2中,该行返回带有所插入行的id的long
  • getAllFromTable1JoinedWithTable2 按照方法名称的含义进行操作

  • 注意:SQLiteOpenHelper的onConfigure方法被覆盖以启用外键支持(默认情况下未启用)

:-

public class DBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    public static final String DBNAME = "mydb";
    public static final int DBVERSION = 1;

    public static final String TBL_TABLE1 = "table1";
    public static final String TBL_TABLE2 = "table2";

    public static final String COL_TABLE1_ID = "id";
    public static final String COL_TABLE1_NAME = "name";
    public static final String COL_TABLE1_FATHERNAME = "fathername";
    public static final String COL_TABLE1_DOB = "dob";
    public static final String COL_TABLE1_AGE = "age";

    public static final String COL_TABLE2_ID = "m_id";
    public static final String COL_TABLE2_TREATDATE = "treatdate";
    public static final String COL_TABLE2_HOSPITAL = "hospital";
    public static final String COL_TABLE2_CITY = "city";
    public static final String COL_TABLE2_ID2 = "id2";

    SQLiteDatabase mDB;

    public DBHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DBNAME, null, DBVERSION);
        mDB = this.getWritableDatabase();
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

        String table1_crtsql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " + TBL_TABLE1 + "(" +
                COL_TABLE1_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, " +
                COL_TABLE1_NAME + " TEXT, " +
                COL_TABLE1_FATHERNAME + " TEXT, " +
                COL_TABLE1_DOB + " TEXT, " +
                COL_TABLE1_AGE + " INTEGER" +
                ")";
        db.execSQL(table1_crtsql);

        String table2_crtsql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " + TBL_TABLE2 + "(" +
                COL_TABLE2_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, " +
                COL_TABLE2_TREATDATE + " TEXT, " +
                COL_TABLE2_HOSPITAL + " TEXT, " +
                COL_TABLE2_CITY + " TEXT, " +
                COL_TABLE2_ID2 + " INTEGER REFERENCES " + TBL_TABLE1 + "(" + COL_TABLE1_ID + ")" +
                ")";
        db.execSQL(table2_crtsql);
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

    }

    @Override
    public void onConfigure(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        super.onConfigure(db);
        db.setForeignKeyConstraintsEnabled(true);
    }

    public long addTable1Row(String name, String fathername, String dob, int age) {
        ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
        cv.put(COL_TABLE1_NAME,name);
        cv.put(COL_TABLE1_FATHERNAME,fathername);
        cv.put(COL_TABLE1_DOB,dob);
        cv.put(COL_TABLE1_AGE,age);
        return mDB.insert(TBL_TABLE1,null,cv);
    }

    public long addTable2Row(String treatdate, String hospital, String city, long table1_reference) {
        ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
        cv.put(COL_TABLE2_TREATDATE,treatdate);
        cv.put(COL_TABLE2_HOSPITAL,hospital);
        cv.put(COL_TABLE2_CITY,city);
        cv.put(COL_TABLE2_ID2,table1_reference);
        return mDB.insert(TBL_TABLE2,null,cv);
    }

    public Cursor getAllFromTable1JoinedWithTable2() {
        String tables = TBL_TABLE1 +
                " JOIN " + TBL_TABLE2 +
                " ON " +
                TBL_TABLE2 + "." + COL_TABLE2_ID2 +
                " = " +
                TBL_TABLE1 + "." + COL_TABLE1_ID;
        return mDB.query(tables,null,null,null,null,null,null);
    }
}
  • 请注意,由于未使用AUTOINCREMENT,因为它是不必要的已定义列类型,而不是使用派生列类型(不会产生任何影响)

MainActivity.java

这将实例化一个DBHelper对象,然后使用可用的方法向每个表中添加一些行。表1中添加了2行,表2中添加了3行(弗雷德有2次就诊)。

然后根据table2和table1之间的关系提取数据,因此提取了3行。这些都转储到系统日志中。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    DBHelper mDBhlpr;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mDBhlpr = new DBHelper(this);

        //Add Fred
        long parentid = mDBhlpr.addTable1Row("Fred","George","2000-01-01",19);
        // Add a hospital visit for Fred
        mDBhlpr.addTable2Row("2019-01-01","Prince Fred","Timbukto",parentid);

        //Add Mary and a hospital visit all in one go
        mDBhlpr.addTable2Row("2019-01-02","St Barts","Springfield",
                mDBhlpr.addTable1Row("Mary","Tom","1999-12-23",19)
        );

        // Another hospital visit for Fred
        mDBhlpr.addTable2Row("2019-01-03","John Radcliffe","Oxford",parentid);

        // Get the joined data and dump it to the log
        Cursor csr = mDBhlpr.getAllFromTable1JoinedWithTable2();
        DatabaseUtils.dumpCursor(csr);
    }
}

结果

日志包括:-

 I/System.out: >>>>> Dumping cursor android.database.sqlite.SQLiteCursor@3fd1bbe9
 I/System.out: 0 {
 I/System.out:    id=1
 I/System.out:    name=Fred
 I/System.out:    fathername=George
 I/System.out:    dob=2000-01-01
 I/System.out:    age=19
 I/System.out:    m_id=1
 I/System.out:    treatdate=2019-01-01
 I/System.out:    hospital=Prince Fred
 I/System.out:    city=Timbukto
 I/System.out:    id2=1
 I/System.out: }
 I/System.out: 1 {
 I/System.out:    id=2
 I/System.out:    name=Mary
 I/System.out:    fathername=Tom
 I/System.out:    dob=1999-12-23
 I/System.out:    age=19
 I/System.out:    m_id=2
 I/System.out:    treatdate=2019-01-02
 I/System.out:    hospital=St Barts
 I/System.out:    city=Springfield
 I/System.out:    id2=2
 I/System.out: }
 I/System.out: 2 {
 I/System.out:    id=1
 I/System.out:    name=Fred
 I/System.out:    fathername=George
 I/System.out:    dob=2000-01-01
 I/System.out:    age=19
 I/System.out:    m_id=3
 I/System.out:    treatdate=2019-01-03
 I/System.out:    hospital=John Radcliffe
 I/System.out:    city=Oxford
 I/System.out:    id2=1
 I/System.out: }
 I/System.out: <<<<<