Question

我正在使用Python通过MiniMax算法创建无与伦比的TicTacToe游戏。我的代码似乎没有为每个职位输出正确的评估。据我了解，算法应该通过假设玩家发挥最佳状态来“测试”每个位置。但是，评估始终返回一个NoneType。

我尝试在评估函数中使用其他数字与else。但是，这样做似乎并不能返回正确的评估结果，至少，我认为这是不正确的。

board= ["O", 1, "X", 
        "X", 4, "X", 
        6, "O", "O"]

human = "O"
robot= "X"


#winning board combinations
def winning(board, player):
        #horizontal tests
    if((board[0] == player and board[1]==player and board[2]==player) or
        (board[3]==player and board[4]==player and board[5]==player) or
        (board[6]==player and board[7]==player and board[8]==player) or
        #diagonal tests
        (board[0]==player and board[4]==player and board[8]==player) or
        (board[2]==player and board[4]==player and board[6]==player) or
        #vertical tests
        (board[0]==player and board[3]==player and board[6]==player) or
        (board[1]==player and board[4]==player and board[7]==player) or
        (board[2]==player and board[5]==player and board[8]==player)
        ):
        return True
    else:
        return False


#evaluates the score of the game
def evaluation(board):
    if (winning(board, human)):
        return +10
    elif (winning(board, robot)):
        return -10
    elif(len(empty_spots)==0):
        return 0
    #trying to get another value
    # else:
        # return 2


#this is to find the empty spots on the board 
def empty_spots_func(board):
    for i in board:
        if(i!="X" and i!="O"):
            empty_spots.append(i)


def minimax(spot, empty_spots, depth, maximizing_player):
    if depth<=0:
        eval= evaluation(board)
        print(f'The evaluation function returns: {evaluation(board)}')
        return eval

    if maximizing_player:
        maxEval= -1000000
        #for each move in all possible moves
        for spot in empty_spots:

            #make the move
            board[spot]=robot

            #evaluate the outcome of the move
            eval = minimax(spot, empty_spots, depth-1, False)

            #then remove the move and replace it with the number
            board[spot]=spot

            maxEval= max(maxEval, eval)

        # print(f'The maximum evaluation {maxEval}')
        return maxEval

    else:
        minEval= +1000000
        #for each move in all possible moves
        for spot in empty_spots:

            #make the move 
            board[spot]=human

            #evaluate the outcome of the move
            eval= minimax(spot, empty_spots, depth-1, True)

            #then remove the spot
            board[spot]=spot

            #figure out the minimal evaluation
            minEval=min(minEval, eval)

        # print(f'The minimal evaluation is {minEval}')
        return minEval

现在测试主要功能中的一个位置：

    test_spot_eval=minimax(0, empty_spots, len(empty_spots), True)
    empty_spots_func(board)
    print(f'The spot eval is {test_spot_eval}')

在评估中没有最后一个“ else”的情况下，minimax仅返回一个NoneType。

Answer 1

我制作了一个单独的程序来检查评估和获胜组合。原来，我犯的错误是：

在接受用户输入后，我没有将人工输入放在板上
我没有注意到我应该错误地使评估函数返回人类获胜时的正值，而机器人获胜时则应返回负值。

也许我还没有发现更多的错误。

错误1导致我的评估函数返回NoneType，因为在没有人工输入的情况下，该算法无法评估获胜位置。

minimax函数似乎没有为电路板输出正确的评估

1 个答案: