我尚未能够使该查询命中索引而不是执行完整扫描-我还有另一个查询,它对几乎相同的表使用date_part('day',datelocal)(该表只有一点点)较少的数据,但结构相同),并且将命中我在datelocal列上创建的索引(这是没有时区的时间戳)。查询(此查询在表上执行并行seq扫描并执行内存快速排序):
SELECT
date_part('hour', datelocal) AS hour,
SUM(CASE WHEN gender LIKE 'male' THEN views ELSE 0 END) AS male,
SUM(CASE WHEN gender LIKE 'female' THEN views ELSE 0 END) AS female
FROM reportimpression
WHERE datelocal >= '2-1-2019' AND datelocal < '2-28-2019'
GROUP BY date_part('hour', datelocal)
ORDER BY date_part('hour', datelocal)
这是另一个命中我的datelocal索引的人:
SELECT
date_part('day', datelocal) AS day,
SUM(CASE WHEN gender LIKE 'male' THEN views ELSE 0 END) AS male,
SUM(CASE WHEN gender LIKE 'female' THEN views ELSE 0 END) AS female
FROM reportimpressionday
WHERE datelocal >= '2-1-2019' AND datelocal < '2-28-2019'
GROUP BY date_trunc('day', datelocal), date_part('day', datelocal)
ORDER BY date_trunc('day', datelocal)
为此而烦恼!关于如何加快第一个或至少使其达到索引的任何想法?我尝试在datelocal字段上创建索引,在datelocal,性别和视图上创建复合索引,并在date_part('hour',datelocal)上创建表达式索引,但是这些都没有用。
模式:
-- Table Definition ----------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE reportimpression (
datelocal timestamp without time zone,
devicename text,
network text,
sitecode text,
advertisername text,
mediafilename text,
gender text,
agegroup text,
views integer,
impressions integer,
dwelltime numeric
);
-- Indices -------------------------------------------------------
CREATE INDEX reportimpression_datelocal_index ON reportimpression(datelocal timestamp_ops);
CREATE INDEX reportimpression_viewership_index ON reportimpression(datelocal timestamp_ops,views int4_ops,impressions int4_ops,gender text_ops,agegroup text_ops);
CREATE INDEX reportimpression_test_index ON reportimpression(datelocal timestamp_ops,(date_part('hour'::text, datelocal)) float8_ops);
-- Table Definition ----------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE reportimpressionday (
datelocal timestamp without time zone,
devicename text,
network text,
sitecode text,
advertisername text,
mediafilename text,
gender text,
agegroup text,
views integer,
impressions integer,
dwelltime numeric
);
-- Indices -------------------------------------------------------
CREATE INDEX reportimpressionday_datelocal_index ON reportimpressionday(datelocal timestamp_ops);
CREATE INDEX reportimpressionday_detail_index ON reportimpressionday(datelocal timestamp_ops,views int4_ops,impressions int4_ops,gender text_ops,agegroup text_ops);
说明(分析,缓冲区)输出:
Finalize GroupAggregate (cost=999842.42..999859.67 rows=3137 width=24) (actual time=43754.700..43754.714 rows=24 loops=1)
Group Key: (date_part('hour'::text, datelocal))
Buffers: shared hit=123912 read=823290
I/O Timings: read=81228.280
-> Sort (cost=999842.42..999843.99 rows=3137 width=24) (actual time=43754.695..43754.698 rows=48 loops=1)
Sort Key: (date_part('hour'::text, datelocal))
Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 28kB
Buffers: shared hit=123912 read=823290
I/O Timings: read=81228.280
-> Gather (cost=999481.30..999805.98 rows=3137 width=24) (actual time=43754.520..43777.558 rows=48 loops=1)
Workers Planned: 1
Workers Launched: 1
Buffers: shared hit=123912 read=823290
I/O Timings: read=81228.280
-> Partial HashAggregate (cost=998481.30..998492.28 rows=3137 width=24) (actual time=43751.649..43751.672 rows=24 loops=2)
Group Key: date_part('hour'::text, datelocal)
Buffers: shared hit=123912 read=823290
I/O Timings: read=81228.280
-> Parallel Seq Scan on reportimpression (cost=0.00..991555.98 rows=2770129 width=17) (actual time=13.097..42974.126 rows=2338145 loops=2)
Filter: ((datelocal >= '2019-02-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone) AND (datelocal < '2019-02-28 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone))
Rows Removed by Filter: 6792750
Buffers: shared hit=123912 read=823290
I/O Timings: read=81228.280
Planning time: 0.185 ms
Execution time: 43777.701 ms
答案 0 :(得分:1)
好吧,您的两个查询都在不同的表上(reportimpression
与reportimpressionday
),因此两个查询的比较实际上不是比较。你们都ANALYZE
吗?各种列统计信息也可能起作用。索引或表膨胀可能会有所不同。所有行中是否有较大一部分符合2019年2月的条件?等等
在黑暗中拍摄一张照片,比较两个表的百分比:
SELECT tbl, round(share * 100 / total, 2) As percentage
FROM (
SELECT text 'reportimpression' AS tbl
, count(*)::numeric AS total
, count(*) FILTER (WHERE datelocal >= '2019-02-01' AND datelocal < '2019-03-01')::numeric AS share
FROM reportimpression
UNION ALL
SELECT 'reportimpressionday'
, count(*)
, count(*) FILTER (WHERE datelocal >= '2019-02-01' AND datelocal < '2019-03-01')
FROM reportimpressionday
) sub;
reportimpression
的那个更大吗?那么它可能刚好超过预期索引可以帮助的数目。
通常,您在{datelocal}上的索引reportimpression_datelocal_index
看起来很合适,并且reportimpression_viewership_index
甚至允许在自动清理超过表的写负载的情况下仅进行索引扫描。 (尽管impressions
和agegroup
只是为此付出了沉重的代价,如果没有,它会更好地工作)。
对于我的查询,您获得了 26.6 percent, and day is 26.4 percent
。对于这么大的百分比, 索引通常根本没有用。顺序扫描通常是最快的方法。如果基础表更大,则仅索引扫描 仍然有意义。 (或者您有 severe 严重的表膨胀和较少的膨胀索引,这使索引再次更具吸引力。)
您的第一个查询可能只是跨越临界点。尝试缩小时间范围,直到看到仅索引扫描。您不会看到(位图)索引扫描的合格行占总数的大约5%以上(取决于许多因素)。
请尽可能考虑以下修改后的查询:
SELECT date_part('hour', datelocal) AS hour
, SUM(views) FILTER (WHERE gender = 'male') AS male
, SUM(views) FILTER (WHERE gender = 'female') AS female
FROM reportimpression
WHERE datelocal >= '2019-02-01'
AND datelocal < '2019-03-01' -- '2019-02-28' -- ?
GROUP BY 1
ORDER BY 1;
SELECT date_trunc('day', datelocal) AS day
, SUM(views) FILTER (WHERE gender = 'male') AS male
, SUM(views) FILTER (WHERE gender = 'female') AS female
FROM reportimpressionday
WHERE datelocal >= '2019-02-01'
AND datelocal < '2019-03-01'
GROUP BY 1
ORDER BY 1;
使用'2-1-2019'
之类的本地化的日期格式时,请使用明确的格式说明符浏览to_timestamp()
。否则,这取决于语言环境设置,并且从具有不同设置的会话中调用时可能会(无提示)中断。而是使用所示的ISO日期/时间格式,而不依赖于区域设置。
您似乎想包含2月的整个月。但是您的查询没有达到上限。一月中,二月可能有29天。 datelocal < '2-28-2019'
也排除了2月28日的全部时间。请改用datelocal < '2019-03-01'
。
如果可以的话,与在SELECT
列表中进行相同的表达式进行分组和排序比较便宜。因此,也在那里使用date_trunc()
。无需使用其他表达式。如果您需要结果中的日期部分,请将其应用于分组的表达式,例如:
SELECT date_part('day', date_trunc('day', datelocal)) AS day
...
GROUP BY date_trunc('day', datelocal)
ORDER BY date_trunc('day', datelocal);
嘈杂的代码更多,但速度更快(对于查询计划者而言,也可能更容易优化)。
使用Postgres 9.4或更高版本中的 aggregate FILTER
子句。更干净,速度更快。参见: