Question

我是一个初学者，正在学习R。我使用以下代码plot()在R中创建了我的第一张图：

plot(main="distance travelled collar 41361", data_travel$hour, 
     data_travel$avg_meters, type="p",pch=19,
     xlab="Hour of the day",ylab="Average distance travelled")

哪个制作的：

我想添加一些垂直sd栏和一条连接所有点的线，但是即使使用论坛中提供的先前代码，我也无法获得理想的结果。

这是错误栏的格式：

可以将这两个功能添加到图形中，将不胜感激。请让我知道是否需要其他信息。

绘制的数据data_travel来自以下代码：

data_travel<-datanet %>% 
  mutate(
    date = dmy_hm(`Date & Time [Local]`),
    hour = hour(date)
  ) %>% 
  group_by(hour) %>%
  summarise(
    avg_meters = mean(meters)
  )

因此，我提供了datanet的示例：

> datanet<-datanet[c(1:600),]
> dput(datanet)
structure(list(`Date & Time [Local]` = c("18/06/2018 03:08", 
"18/06/2018 03:12", "18/06/2018 03:16", "18/06/2018 03:20", "18/06/2018 03:24", 
"18/06/2018 03:28", "18/06/2018 03:33", "18/06/2018 03:36", "18/06/2018 03:40", 
"18/06/2018 03:45", "18/06/2018 03:48", "18/06/2018 03:52", "18/06/2018 03:56", 
"18/06/2018 04:00", "18/06/2018 04:04", "18/06/2018 04:08", "18/06/2018 04:12", 
"18/06/2018 04:16", "18/06/2018 04:20", "18/06/2018 04:24", "18/06/2018 04:28", 
"18/06/2018 04:32", "18/06/2018 04:36", "18/06/2018 04:40", "18/06/2018 04:44", 
"18/06/2018 04:48", "18/06/2018 04:52", "18/06/2018 04:56", "18/06/2018 05:00", 
"18/06/2018 05:04", "18/06/2018 05:08", "18/06/2018 05:12", "18/06/2018 05:16", 
"18/06/2018 05:20", "18/06/2018 05:24", "18/06/2018 05:28", "18/06/2018 05:32", 
"18/06/2018 05:36", "18/06/2018 05:40", "18/06/2018 05:44", "18/06/2018 05:48", 
"18/06/2018 05:52", "18/06/2018 05:56", "18/06/2018 06:00", "18/06/2018 06:05", 
"18/06/2018 06:08", "18/06/2018 06:12", "18/06/2018 06:16", "18/06/2018 06:20", 
"18/06/2018 06:24", "18/06/2018 06:28", "18/06/2018 06:32", "18/06/2018 06:36", 
"18/06/2018 06:40", "18/06/2018 06:44", "18/06/2018 06:48", "18/06/2018 06:52", 
"18/06/2018 06:57", "18/06/2018 07:01", "18/06/2018 07:04", "18/06/2018 07:08", 
"18/06/2018 07:12", "18/06/2018 07:17", "18/06/2018 07:20", "18/06/2018 07:24", 
"18/06/2018 07:28", "18/06/2018 07:32", "18/06/2018 07:36", "18/06/2018 07:40", 
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"18/06/2018 08:16", "18/06/2018 08:20", "18/06/2018 08:24", "18/06/2018 08:28", 
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"19/06/2018 19:08", "19/06/2018 19:12", "19/06/2018 19:16"), 
    meters = c(15.9593660078151, 22.5355660523, 12.0368343188154, 
    18.7381339674668, 26.7818788216134, 8.34165858190966, 11.3327576966507, 
    15.7369069237407, 9.72882849925771, 10.297033774998, 4.05410707329196, 
    2.80921200361505, 5.99863428254126, 3.43702889630238, 1.0973506459739, 
    14.9210205443641, 11.8623534125001, 5.52037842119764, 3.47842432433199, 
    8.56352953345666, 10.3348047169779, 4.75068270841804, 10.2158524906783, 
    8.40843212136055, 19.176769622017, 8.27181435890216, 4.63398751788878, 
    4.64609200546047, 11.2731653163543, 11.4312910706539, 10.532832329052, 
    9.42036510967477, 3.72017081997164, 19.1405081193573, 7.62135953649555, 
    22.0583337290673, 5.17601163631861, 2.94307133012786, 8.16672175526036, 
    11.0388731772229, 8.4520380008427, 14.4121396478424, 9.9917860049159, 
    15.2689800274799, 23.5027696734591, 11.5713613868424, 3.76275614223104, 
    7.44089224335579, 4.75143353354129, 25.5863700372985, 4.12640308269035, 
    17.0185845366389, 9.19416438574403, 0.504992122982213, 7.58240103848382, 
    15.0141241467732, 47.820448738411, 48.9253417447483, 28.6982306077959, 
    30.0325794078543, 10.6419955753018, 16.3060328028124, 16.9950882683356, 
    17.5456158130927, 6.11772166759097, 10.3181549737979, 8.25795394979096, 
    12.5452581928342, 7.37344423304636, 14.0784069615297, 15.5217701103853, 
    5.85740700912933, 67.5814597516992, 86.1667068274933, 6.71080257210109, 
    12.8712310356668, 26.3464242058092, 14.862829937119, 17.1827244506893, 
    21.007162484455, 14.6159667602995, 15.0116767634002, 3.44415089036116, 
    2.90091354423872, 15.4060076069905, 11.0647299060198, 5.47803214985054, 
    21.4699825151886, 13.9952170296303, 5.47503135778305, 9.59949901256039, 
    2.67150469440983, 5.81615251769606, 18.7977607686961, 17.1405856185114, 
    0.770680478662077, 2.11599500699301, 14.4215651159807, 21.340644921803, 
    9.44803939591664, 9.35914024298419, 26.5419236409891, 12.2076659835784, 
    11.6727676178834, 11.5183958294441, 11.1464930265903, 4.48800980044162, 
    14.5010190190289, 17.9964315949038, 6.19790617124279, 11.4579719854227, 
    7.02888318334768, 2.43292600920741, 7.09331125112953, 7.41769642742311, 
    6.15912646167791, 6.17702835583737, 5.50679980253089, 27.2967339245239, 
    26.809594968574, 16.6454622873968, 6.74805054317244, 5.69175256676157, 
    5.28218041234659, 7.75355680259654, 9.13245480739586, 17.2138677622628, 
    30.8757344431557, 10.4532031567326, 6.64426961601855, 7.62833591252156, 
    67.2325093819334, 58.8815117188855, 14.67853688946, 10.4197239865493, 
    25.850404929181, 14.8215484542981, 17.8354868952429, 4.53929715323194, 
    2.49940267894446, 7.15430231148364, 9.79764663049093, 11.2388351166403, 
    4.22708779610617, 13.1226888741628, 6.86582195506769, 21.0333162925842, 
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Answer 1

首先，使用您提供的data_travel，我得到的散点图与您不同。也许这只是全部数据的一个样本，并且全部数据给了您您的照片。不过，我认为您应该能够在此处遵循我的代码，并使它与您的数据一起使用。

问题有两部分，用直线连接点并绘制误差线。让我们一次带他们一个。首先，用线连接。

有两种方法可以做到这一点。首先，您的绘图语句包含参数type="p"。可以给出点，但是type="b"专门用于给两者和点之间的线。

plot(main="distance travelled collar 41361", 
    data_travel$hour, data_travel$avg_meters, 
    type="b",pch=19,xlab="Hour of the day",
    ylab="Average distance travelled")

但是我发现那些连接线没有吸引力，所以这是另一种方式。您可以像做图一样仅绘制点，然后使用lines函数添加线。

plot(main="distance travelled collar 41361", 
    data_travel$hour, data_travel$avg_meters, 
    type="p",pch=19,xlab="Hour of the day",
    ylab="Average distance travelled")
lines(data_travel, col="darkgray")

对我来说，这看起来更好。

已更新：最后，我们需要将标准偏差条添加到绘图中。为了获得标准偏差，我在创建data_travel的上方对您的代码进行了少量修改。但是请注意，像hour=15的平均值一样，hour=15的标准偏差与其他小时数也有很大不同。如果您查看提供的值，就会发现它与数据匹配。

data_travel的更新代码

data_travel<-datanet %>% 
  mutate(date = dmy_hm(`Date & Time [Local]`),
         hour = hour(date)) %>% 
  group_by(hour) %>%
  summarise(
    avg_meters = mean(meters),
    sd_meters = sd(meters))

我使用注释Scatter plot with error bars中提到的上一个答案中描述的方法绘制条形图，该方法使用arrows函数制作误差线。

plot(main="distance travelled collar 41361", 
    data_travel$hour, data_travel$avg_meters, 
    type="p",pch=19,xlab="Hour of the day",
    ylab="Average distance travelled", ylim=c(-50,250))
lines(data_travel, col="darkgray")

sdev = sd(data_travel$avg_meters)
arrows(data_travel$hour, data_travel$avg_meters-data_travel$sd_meters,
    data_travel$hour, data_travel$avg_meters+data_travel$sd_meters,
    length=0.05, angle=90, code=3)

请注意，hour=15的标准偏差很大。可以更改ylim以便显示完整的条，但是其他条会很小，以至于什么都不显示，因此我选择让该条不在图表中。

使用plot（）时添加sd和线连接点

1 个答案: