在Scala中正确实现2类型参数Functor

时间:2019-03-27 14:50:09

标签: scala intellij-idea functional-programming

我在SO上多次看到这个问题,但是无论我怎么努力,我都无法编译以下代码。目标是为更简单的Functor(代码为here)实现Reader实现:

  trait Functor[F[_]] {
    def fmap[A, B](fa: F[A])(f: A => B): F[B]
  }

  implicit class FunctorOps[F[_]: Functor, A](self: F[A]) {
    def fmap[B](f: A => B): F[B] = implicitly[Functor[F]].fmap(self)(f)
  }

  case class Reader[A, B](run: A => B)
  type ReaderF[X] = ({ type L[A] = Reader[X, A] })

  implicit def readerFunctors[E]: Functor[ReaderF[E]#L] = 
    new Functor[ReaderF[E]#L] {
       override def fmap[A, B](fa: Reader[E, A])(f: A => B): Reader[E, B] = 
          Reader(e => f(fa.run(e)))
    }

  val foo = Reader[String, Int](_ => 42)

  foo.fmap(_ + 1) // does not compile

我尝试通过以下方法绕过隐式机制:

FunctorOps(foo).fmap(_ + 1)

但是会输出以下编译错误:

Error:(82, 23) type mismatch;
 found   : com.fp.Scratchpad.Reader[String,Int]
 required: ?F[?A]
Note that implicit conversions are not applicable because they are ambiguous:
 both method ArrowAssoc in object Predef of type [A](self: A)ArrowAssoc[A]
 and method Ensuring in object Predef of type [A](self: A)Ensuring[A]
 are possible conversion functions from com.fp.Scratchpad.Reader[String,Int] to ?F[?A]
  FunctorOps(foo).fmap(_ + 1)

预先感谢您的帮助。

更新

为了确保我的FunctorOps正确无误,我为Id创建了一个functor实例:

case class Id[A](value: A)
implicit val idF: Functor[Id] = new Functor[Id] {
  override def fmap[A, B](fa: Id[A])(f: A => B): Id[B] = Id(f(fa.value))
}

val id = Id(42)
id.fmap(_ + 1) // compiles

因此,问题并非来自FunctorOps隐式类。我怀疑Scala在使用lambdas类型时会遇到困难...

更新2

我试图简化问题,但没有成功:

  trait Functor[F[_]] {
    def map[A, B](x: F[A])(f: A => B): F[B]
  }

  implicit class Ops[F[_], A](fa: F[A])(implicit F: Functor[F]) {
    def map[B](f: A => B): F[B] = F.map(fa)(f)
  }

  type FF[A] = ({ type F[B] = A => B })

  implicit def ff[E]: Functor[FF[E]#F] = new Functor[FF[E]#F] {
    override def map[A, B](x: E => A)(f: A => B): E => B = e => f(x(e))
  }

  val f: String => Int = _ => 42

  val value: Functor[FF[String]#F] = ff[String]
  val ops = new Ops[FF[String]#F, Int](f)(value)

  // These compile
  ops.map(_ + 1)("")
  value.map(f)(_ + 1)("")

  // This not
  f.map(_ + 1)

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

更新:
我认为,要使其正常工作,您需要在build.sbt中为编译器启用一些额外的选项:

scalacOptions ++= Seq(
      "-Ypartial-unification",
      "-language:postfixOps",
      "-language:higherKinds",
      "-deprecation",
      "-encoding", "UTF-8",
      "-feature",      
      "-unchecked"
    )

有关部分统一标志及其解决方案can be found here的更多信息。

原始答案: 您是通过Worksheet还是IDEA中的Scratch运行代码?我注意到有时,特别是在存在类型推断,隐式解析和更高类型的“魔术”类型的这类函数编程任务中,IDEA的REPL不能胜任该任务(但我不确定为什么)。

这就是说,我试图在IDEA上运行以下命令:

object TestApp extends App{
  trait Functor[F[_]] {
    def fmap[A, B](fa: F[A])(f: A => B): F[B]
  }

  implicit class FunctorOps[F[_]: Functor, A](self: F[A]) {
    def fmap[B](f: A => B): F[B] = implicitly[Functor[F]].fmap(self)(f)
  }

  case class Reader[A, B](run: A => B)
  type ReaderF[X] = ({ type L[A] = Reader[X, A] })

  implicit def readerFunctors[E]: Functor[ReaderF[E]#L] =
    new Functor[ReaderF[E]#L] {
      override def fmap[A, B](fa: Reader[E, A])(f: A => B): Reader[E, B] =
        Reader(e => f(fa.run(e)))
    }

  val foo: Reader[String, Int] = Reader[String, Int](s => s.length)

  val i = foo.fmap(_ + 1)

  println(i.run("Test"))
  println(i.run("Hello World"))
}

它工作正常,可以打印512。另外,正如其他人提到的那样,您的代码可以在Scastie上运行,这是IDEA发挥作用的另一个缩影。

最后一点:您可能已经知道这一点,但是您可以使用kind-projector compiler plugin避免所有类型的lambda丑陋。

长话短说,删除ReaderF[X]类型别名,并使仿函数实例如下所示:

implicit def readerFunctors[X]: Functor[Reader[X,?]] =
    new Functor[Reader[X,?]] {
      override def fmap[B, C](fa: Reader[X,B])(f: B => C): Reader[X,C] =
        Reader(e => f(fa.run(e)))
    }

恕我直言,哪一种更具可读性。