在树中插入(键,值)时,节点未形成树结构

时间:2019-03-27 13:41:48

标签: c avl-tree

我正在尝试创建avl树,该树从文件中一对一地读取(键,值)对,并根据键的数据形成树。

首先,将元组读入键和值,并将其传递给create函数,在该函数中,我已使用结构初始化了树

typedef struct AVLTree{
    int  size;      // count of items in avl tree
    AVLTreeNode *root; // root
} AVLTree;

AVLTree *newAVLTree()
{
    AVLTree *T;
    T = malloc(sizeof (AVLTree));
    assert (T != NULL);
    T->size = 0;
    T->root = NULL;
    return T;
}

然后我将树的根值最初为NULL分配给AVLTreeNode,其结构如下:

typedef struct AVLTreeNode {
    int key; //key of this item
    int  value;  //value (int) of this item
    int height; //height of the subtree rooted at this node
    struct AVLTreeNode *parent; //pointer to parent
    struct AVLTreeNode *left; //pointer to left child
    struct AVLTreeNode *right; //pointer to right child
} AVLTreeNode;

//data type for AVL trees
typedef struct AVLTree{
    int  size;      // count of items in avl tree
    AVLTreeNode *root; // root
} AVLTree;

// create a new AVLTreeNode
AVLTreeNode *newAVLTreeNode(int k, int v )
{
    AVLTreeNode *new;
    new = malloc(sizeof(AVLTreeNode));
    assert(new != NULL);
    new->key = k;
    new->value = v;
    new->height = 0; // height of this new node is set to 0
    new->left = NULL; // this node has no child
    new->right = NULL;
    new->parent = NULL; // no parent
    return new;
}

现在,对于我从文件中读取的每个键,值对,我将其传递给create函数并检查3个条件,如下所示:

void insert_in_tree(int key, int value, struct AVLTreeNode **node){


    // if the tree is empty
    if(*node == NULL){
        node = newNode;
    }
    // insert on left if the data in the key is less than the data in the node.
    else if (key<(*node)->key){
        insert_in_tree(key,value,&(*node)->left);
    }
    // insert on right if the data in the key is greater than the data in the node.
    else if(key>(*node)->key)
    {
        insert_in_tree(key,value,&(*node)->right);
    }

}

PS:不用担心newAVLTreeNode中的“值”部分,因为稍后我将使用它来处理重复项。

使用上面的代码,我期望树会形成,但是那没有发生。经过进一步调查和调试,我发现 在使用新的键和值传递insert_in_tree时,该节点也是新的,而不是已经创建的节点。

AVLTree *CreateAVLTree(const char *filename)
{
    //Inititalising a new tree
    AVLTree *tree = newAVLTree();
// initialising the head to root of tree i.e. null
    AVLTreeNode *head = tree->root;
    int key, value;
    FILE* file = fopen(filename, "r"); // open a file
    if(file == NULL) {
        return 1;                                   // error checking
    }
    while (fscanf (file, " (%d,%d)", &key, &value) == 2)  // check for number of conversions
    //  space added  here ^
    {
        insert_in_tree(key, value, &head);
        //printf("%d,%d\n", key, value);
    }
    fclose(file);

    return tree;
}
int main() //sample main for testing
{
    AVLTree *tree1;
    tree1=CreateAVLTree("File1.txt");
    //PrintAVLTree(tree1);
    return 0;
}

我试图尽可能地详尽,但如果您不理解,请随时向我提问。很高兴回答。 请帮助。 Nodes are formed, but the tree is still NULL

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

Mikhail几乎在那儿,但是没有发现内存泄漏。我在下面纠正了这个问题:

void insert_in_tree(int key, int value, struct AVLTreeNode **node){
    // if the tree is empty
    if(*node == NULL){
        *node = newAVLTreeNode(key, value);
    }
    // insert on left if the data in the key is less than the data in the node.
    else if (key<(*node)->key){
        insert_in_tree(key,value,&(*node)->left);
    }
    // insert on right if the data in the key is greater than the data in the node.
    else if(key>(*node)->key)
    {
        insert_in_tree(key,value,&(*node)->right);
    }
}

作为修复摘要:

  • 您需要传递一个指针到放置新分配的节点的位置,因为C按值传递。这就是所谓的“双指针”。

  • 您在每个递归调用上都分配了内存,但是仅在知道要插入的位置时才需要分配内存。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

在函数insert_in_tree中,您试图修改按值传递的参数。您需要通过引用来传递这样的信息:

void insert_in_tree(int key, int value, struct AVLTreeNode **node){
    // if the tree is empty
    if(*node == NULL){
        *node = newAVLTreeNode(key, value);
    }
    // insert on left if the data in the key is less than the data in the node.
    else if (key<(*node)->key){
        insert_in_tree(key,value,&(*node)->left);
    }
    // insert on right if the data in the key is greater than the data in the node.
    else if(key>(*node)->key)
    {
        insert_in_tree(key,value,&(*node)->right);
    }
}

此外,在node != NULL情况下,此函数导致内存泄漏,因为它分配新节点,但不将指向该节点的指针保存在任何地方。

顺便说一句,您要创建的不是AVL树,而是binary search tree

答案 2 :(得分:0)

更多答案中已经描述的更正内容:

void insert_in_tree(int key, int value, struct AVLTreeNode **node){
    // if the tree is empty
    if(*node == NULL){
        *node = newAVLTreeNode(key, value);
    }
    // insert on left if the data in the key is less than the data in the node.
    else if (key<(*node)->key){
        insert_in_tree(key,value,&(*node)->left);
    }
    // insert on right if the data in the key is greater than the data in the node.
    else if(key>(*node)->key)
    {
        insert_in_tree(key,value,&(*node)->right);
    }
}
CreateAVLTree 中,您(现在)将节点的树设置为 head ,但是您错过了更新tree->root的操作,这很容易一种方法是不使用临时var head ,而是直接使用tree->root

AVLTree *CreateAVLTree(const char *filename)
{
    //Inititalising a new tree
    AVLTree *tree = newAVLTree();
    // initialising the head to root of tree i.e. null
    int key, value;
    FILE* file = fopen(filename, "r"); // open a file
    if(file == NULL) {
        return NULL;                                   // error checking
    }
    while (fscanf (file, " (%d,%d)", &key, &value) == 2)  // check for number of conversions
    //  space added  here ^
    {
        insert_in_tree(key, value, &tree->root);
        //printf("%d,%d\n", key, value);
    }

    fclose(file);

    return tree;
}

当文件无法打开时,我也用return 1;替换了无效的return NULL;

请注意,未设置 size 字段,也许它必须包含节点列表的大小,在这种情况下,只需在调用tree->size += 1;的附近添加insert_in_tree

如果我添加定义以打印结果:

void PrintNodes(struct AVLTreeNode * l)
{
  if (l == NULL)
    printf("()");
  else {
    putchar('(');
    PrintNodes(l->left);
    printf(" %d %d %d ", l->key, l->value, l->height);
    PrintNodes(l->right);
    putchar(')');
  }
}

void PrintAVLTree(AVLTree * tree)
{
  printf("%d elements : ", tree->size);
  PrintNodes(tree->root);
  putchar('\n');
}

并将PrintAVLTree(tree1);放在 main ,编译和执行的注释中:

pi@raspberrypi:/tmp $ gcc -g -pedantic -Wextra -Wall t.c
pi@raspberrypi:/tmp $ cat File1.txt 
(2, 50) (4, 30) (9, 30) (10, 400) (-5, -40)
(7, 20) (19, 200) (20, 50) (-18, -200) (-2, 29)
(2, 67) (4, 35) (9, 45) (-18, 100)
pi@raspberrypi:/tmp $ ./a.out
14 elements : (((() -18 -200 0 ()) -5 -40 0 (() -2 29 0 ())) 2 50 0 (() 4 30 0 ((() 7 20 0 ()) 9 30 0 (() 10 400 0 (() 19 200 0 (() 20 50 0 ()))))))