什么是最小的Windows(PE)可执行文件?

时间:2009-02-16 11:33:45

标签: windows winapi executable portability portable-executable

作为编写编译器的先驱,我正在尝试理解Windows(32位)可移植可执行格式。特别是我想看一个简单的可执行文件的例子,除了正确加载,运行和退出之外什么都不做。

我已经尝试编写和编译一个简单的C main函数,除了生成的.exe大约22KB并且包含许多来自KERNEL32.DLL的导入(可能由LIBC用于设置环境,堆等)。甚至DOS标题也可能更小(它当前打印默认的'此程序无法在DOS模式下运行')。

最小的Windows 32位可执行文件的结构是什么?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

引自来源(Creating the smallest possible PE executable): 1

  • 最小的PE文件:97字节
  • Windows 2000上最小的PE文件:133字节
  • 通过WebDAV下载文件的最小PE文件执行它:133字节

由于PE文件格式的要求,上述文件是最小的PE文件,无法进一步改进。

这个结果是通过一些聪明的NASM技巧实现的,例如删除链接到C stdlib的步骤并删除了许多标题字段和数据目录。

完整的源代码如下。它实际上与具有这些修改的文章相同:

  • 删除空行
  • sectalign标签已重命名为sect_align。自编写此汇编代码以来sectalign成为NASM关键字。重命名它以避免警告和错误。

代码如下:

; tiny97.asm, copyright Alexander Sotirov

BITS 32
;
; MZ header
; The only two fields that matter are e_magic and e_lfanew

mzhdr:
    dw "MZ"       ; e_magic
    dw 0          ; e_cblp UNUSED

; PE signature
pesig:
    dd "PE"       ; e_cp, e_crlc UNUSED       ; PE signature

; PE header
pehdr:
    dw 0x014C     ; e_cparhdr UNUSED          ; Machine (Intel 386)
    dw 1          ; e_minalloc UNUSED         ; NumberOfSections

;   dd 0xC3582A6A ; e_maxalloc, e_ss UNUSED   ; TimeDateStamp UNUSED

; Entry point
start:
    push byte 42
    pop eax
    ret

codesize equ $ - start

    dd 0          ; e_sp, e_csum UNUSED       ; PointerToSymbolTable UNUSED
    dd 0          ; e_ip, e_cs UNUSED         ; NumberOfSymbols UNUSED
    dw sections-opthdr ; e_lsarlc UNUSED      ; SizeOfOptionalHeader
    dw 0x103      ; e_ovno UNUSED             ; Characteristics

; PE optional header
; The debug directory size at offset 0x94 from here must be 0

filealign equ 4
sect_align equ 4  ; must be 4 because of e_lfanew

%define round(n, r) (((n+(r-1))/r)*r)

opthdr:
    dw 0x10B      ; e_res UNUSED              ; Magic (PE32)
    db 8                                      ; MajorLinkerVersion UNUSED
    db 0                                      ; MinorLinkerVersion UNUSED

; PE code section
sections:
    dd round(codesize, filealign)  ; SizeOfCode UNUSED  ; Name UNUSED
    dd 0  ; e_oemid, e_oeminfo UNUSED ; SizeOfInitializedData UNUSED
    dd codesize  ; e_res2 UNUSED  ; SizeOfUninitializedData UNUSED  ; VirtualSize
    dd start  ; AddressOfEntryPoint  ; VirtualAddress
    dd codesize  ; BaseOfCode UNUSED  ; SizeOfRawData
    dd start  ; BaseOfData UNUSED  ; PointerToRawData
    dd 0x400000  ; ImageBase  ; PointerToRelocations UNUSED
    dd sect_align ; e_lfanew  ; SectionAlignment  ; PointerToLinenumbers UNUSED
    dd filealign  ; FileAlignment  ; NumberOfRelocations, NumberOfLinenumbers UNUSED
    dw 4  ; MajorOperatingSystemVersion UNUSED ; Characteristics UNUSED
    dw 0  ; MinorOperatingSystemVersion UNUSED
    dw 0  ; MajorImageVersion UNUSED
    dw 0  ; MinorImageVersion UNUSED
    dw 4  ; MajorSubsystemVersion
    dw 0  ; MinorSubsystemVersion UNUSED
    dd 0  ; Win32VersionValue UNUSED
    dd round(hdrsize, sect_align)+round(codesize,sect_align) ; SizeOfImage
    dd round(hdrsize, filealign)  ; SizeOfHeaders
    dd 0  ; CheckSum UNUSED
    db 2  ; Subsystem (Win32 GUI)

hdrsize equ $ - $$
filesize equ $ - $$

构建可执行文件:

nasm -f bin tiny97.asm -o tiny97.exe

对于GNU / Linux ELF可执行文件,请参阅文章"Whirlwind Tutorial on Creating Really Teensy ELF Executables for Linux" TL; DR 1340字节,使用NASM

注意:这个答案是对J ...在12月3日和16日17:31的评论的扩展,以便保留在链接(如果太死了)。

  1. Tiny PE;亚历山大索蒂罗夫;浏览15/11/2017 @ 17:50 SAST

答案 1 :(得分:1)

在Windows XP(x32)上,最小的PE可执行文件是97个字节。 在32位版本的Vista和7上,最小的PE可执行文件是252字节。 在64位版本的Windows上,最小的32位可执行文件是268字节。在this forum上,您可以找到此类可执行文件的位图。

最小的x64 PE可执行文件是268个字节。甚至可以执行此大小的可执行文件中的每个字节。您也可以在this forum上找到相关链接。

下面的代码是一个大小为268字节的x64 PE(又名PE32 +)可执行文件。

; PE64smallest.asm   Aug 19, 2018 (c) DrakoPensulo
; A smallest PE32+ executable (x64)
; 
; Features:
;  - Windows Vista/7/8/10 compatible
;  - Size: 268 bytes (an executable file on x64 Windows cannot be smaller)
;  - No sections
;  - No Data Directories (in particular no imports and no TLS callbacks)
;  - Exits with code 0x2a (this executable does nothing else than that)
;
;
; Compile using FASM (https://flatassembler.net)  command line: fasm.exe PE64smallest.asm

format binary as 'exe' 
use64 


EntryPoint:
db 'MZ'     ; DOS signature
dw 0faceh

dd 00004550h    ; Signature PE\0\0
dw 8664h    ; Machine
dw 0000h    ; NumberOfSections

dd 0facefaceh   ; TimeDateStamp

dd 0facefaceh   ; PointerToSymbolTable

dd 0facefaceh   ; NumberOfSymbols

dw 0        ; SizeOfOptionalHeader      ; must be multiple of 8 not too large 
dw 002fh    ; Characteristics       ; must be bit 1=1 bit 13=0

dw 020Bh    ; PE32+ Magic
db 0fah     ; MajorLinkerVersion
db 0fah     ; MinorLinkerVersion

dd 0facefaceh   ; SizeOfCode

dd 0facefaceh   ; SizeOfInitializedData

dd 0facefaceh   ; SizeOfUninitializedData

dd start    ; AddressOfEntryPoint       ; cannot be smaller than SizeOfHeaders

dd 0facefaceh   ; BaseOfCode

dq 0000000100000000h    ; ImageBase     ; must be multiple of 64k

dd 4        ; SectionAlignment and e_lfanew ; PE header offset in file

dd 4        ; FileAlignment

dw 0faceh   ; MajorOperatingSystemVersiom

dw 0faceh   ; MinorOperatingSystemVersion

dw 0faceh   ; MajorImageVersion

dw 0faceh   ; MinorImageVersion

dw 5        ; MajorSubsystemVersion     ; >3.1 or 4  
dw 0h       ; MinorSubsystemVersion

dd 0facefaceh   ; Win32VersionValue     

dd 0400h    ; SizeOfImage           ; MSB has to be small, must be >0200h

dd start    ; SizeOfHeaders         ; SizeOfHeaders has to be < SizeOfImage

dd 0facefaceh   ; CheckSum

dw 0002h    ; Subsystem 2-GUI 3-CUI
dw 0        ; DllCharacteristics

dd 000cefaceh
dd 0        ; SizeOfStackReserve  upper dword has to be 0, MSB of lower dword has to be small

dd 000cefaceh
dd 0        ; SizeOfStackCommit  upper dword has to be 0, MSB of lower dword has to be small

dd 000cefaceh
dd 0        ; SizeOfHeapReserve  upper dword has to be 0, MSB of lower dword has to be small

dd 000cefaceh
dd 0        ; SizeOfHeapCommit  upper dword has to be 0, MSB of lower dword has to be small

dd 0facefaceh   ; LoaderFlags

dd 0        ; NumberofRvaAndSizes   

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; Export Directory Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; Import Directory Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh   
dd 0facefaceh   ; Resource Directory Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; Exception Directory Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; Security Directory Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; Base Relocation Table Address and Size

    dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; Debug Directory Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh   
dd 0facefaceh   ; Architecture Specific Data Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; RVA of GlobalPtr Directory Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; TLS Directory Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; Load Configuration Directory Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; Bound Import Directory Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; Import Address Table Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; Delay Load Import Descriptors Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh
dd 0facefaceh   ; COM runtime Descriptors Address and Size

dd 0facefaceh

start:
push 2ah
pop rax
ret     ; Reserved Descriptor

BTW在这个blog entry上,你会发现一个带有汇编源代码和许多技术细节的小型(316字节)x32可执行文件。