带有importlib模块的Python多进程

时间:2019-03-22 14:08:51

标签: python python-3.x multiprocessing pickle python-importlib

祝你有美好的一天,
今天,我正在将代码从threading迁移到multiprocess。一切正常,直到出现以下错误:

错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "run.py", line 93, in <module>
    main()
  File "run.py", line 82, in main
    emenu.executemenu(components, _path)
  File "/home/s1810979/paellego/lib/execute/execute_menu.py", line 29, in executemenu
    e.executeall(installed, _path)
  File "/home/s1810979/paellego/lib/execute/execute.py", line 153, in executeall
    pool.starmap(phase2, args)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.4/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 268, in starmap
    return self._map_async(func, iterable, starmapstar, chunksize).get()
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.4/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 608, in get
    raise self._value
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.4/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 385, in _handle_tasks
    put(task)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.4/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 206, in send
    self._send_bytes(ForkingPickler.dumps(obj))
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.4/multiprocessing/reduction.py", line 50, in dumps
    cls(buf, protocol).dump(obj)
_pickle.PicklingError: Can't pickle <class 'module'>: attribute lookup module on builtins failed

代码

execute.py

def executeall(components, _path):
    args = []
    manager = multiprocessing.Manager()
    q = manager.Queue()

    resultloc = '/some/result.log'
    for component in components:
        for apkpath, resultpath in zip(execonfig.apkpaths, execonfig.resultpaths):
            args.append((component,apkpath,resultpath,q,)) #Args for subprocesses
    cores = askcores()
    with multiprocessing.Pool(processes=cores) as pool:
        watcher = pool.apply_async(lgr.log, (resultloc+'/results.txt', q,))

        pool.starmap(phase2, args)

component.py

class Component(object):
    def __init__(self, installmodule, runmodule, installerloc, installationloc, dependencyloc):
        self.installmodule = installmodule
        self.runmodule = runmodule
        self.installerloc = installerloc
        self.installationloc = installationloc
        self.dependencyloc = dependencyloc
        self.config = icnf.Installconfiguration(installerloc+'/conf.conf')
    #lots of functions...

installconfig.py

class State(Enum):
    BEGIN=0 #Look for units
    UNIT=1  #Look for unit keypairs
    KEYPAIR=3

class Phase(Enum):
    NONE=0
    DEPS=1
    PKGS=2

class Installconfiguration(object):
    def __init__(self, config):
        dictionary = self.reader(config) #Fill a dictionary
        #dictionary (key:Phase, value: (dictionary key: str, job))
        self.deps = dictionary[Phase.DEPS]
        self.pkgs = dictionary[Phase.PKGS]

job.py

class Job(object):
    def __init__(self, directory=None, url=None):
        self.directory = directory if directory else ''
        self.url = url if url else ''

如您所见,我将一个组件作为参数传递给function phase2(component, str, str, multiprocess.manager.Queue())

component的构造函数的第二个和第三个参数是使用importlib导入的模块。


我尝试过的

我是python的新手,但不是编程人员。这是我尝试过的:

  • 由于错误本身并未指出问题的确切原因,因此我尝试删除args以找出不能被腌制的内容:删除component,一切正常,因此这似乎是原因麻烦但是,我需要将此对象传递给我的流程。
  • 我在互联网上搜索了几个小时,但除了基本的关于多处理的教程以及关于泡菜工作原理的解释外,什么都没找到。我确实发现this说它应该可以工作,但不能在Windows或其他设备上工作。但是,它在Unix(我使用的)上不起作用

我的想法

据我了解,没有任何迹象表明我无法发送包含两个importlib模块的类。我不知道component类的确切问题是什么,但是作为成员的importlib模块是唯一的非常规问题。这就是为什么我相信这里会发生问题的原因。


问题

您知道为什么包含模块的类不适合“酸洗”吗?如何才能更好地了解为什么Can't pickle <class 'module'>错误发生的原因和地点?

更多代码

完整的源代码可以在https://github.com/Sebastiaan-Alvarez-Rodriguez/paellego

上找到

对我的问题

请留下评论要求澄清/更多代码段/ ???如果您要我编辑这个问题

最后一个请求

我希望解决方案仅使用python标准库,最好使用python 3.3。另外,我的代码要求它必须在Unix系统上运行。

预先感谢


编辑

根据要求,这是一个最小的示例,可大大简化该问题:
main.py(您可以执行为python main.py foo)

#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import importlib
import multiprocessing
class clazz(object):
    def __init__(self, moduly):
        self.moduly = moduly

    def foopass(self, stringy):
        self.moduly.foo(stringy)

    def barpass(self, stringy, numbery):
        self.moduly.bar(stringy)
        print('Second argument: '+str(numbery))

def worker(clazzy, numbery):
    clazzy.barpass('wow', numbery)

def main():
    clazzy = clazz(importlib.import_module(sys.argv[1]))
    clazzy.foopass('init')

    args = [(clazzy, 2,)]
    with multiprocessing.Pool(processes=2) as pool:
        pool.starmap(worker, args)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

foo.py(上述呼叫建议需要位于同一目录中)

#!/usr/bin/env python
globaly = 0

def foo(stringy):
    print('foo '+stringy)
    global globaly
    globaly = 5

def bar(stringy):
    print('bar '+stringy)
    print(str(globaly))

运行时出现错误:TypeError: can't pickle module objects 现在,我们知道(很难)酸洗模块对象。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

为了消除错误,让clazz不要将模块作为属性,而是将其方便地使用,而是让它使用“ modpath”,这是{{1}所必需的字符串}导入用户指定的模块。
看起来像这样(foo.py与上面完全一样):

importlib

如果您需要确保全局变量(例如#!/usr/bin/env python import sys import importlib import multiprocessing class clazz(object): def __init__(self, modpathy): self.modpathy = modpathy def foopass(self, stringy): moduly = importlib.import_module(self.modpathy) moduly.foo(stringy) def barpass(self, stringy, numbery): moduly = importlib.import_module(self.modpathy) moduly.bar(stringy) print('Second argument: '+str(numbery)) def worker(clazzy, number): clazzy.barpass('wow', number) def main(): clazzy = clazz(sys.argv[1]) clazzy.foopass('init') args = [(clazzy, 2,)] with multiprocessing.Pool(processes=2) as pool: pool.starmap(worker, args) if __name__ == "__main__": main() )保持状态,那么您需要传递一个可变对象(例如列表,字典)来保存此数据,谢谢@DavisHerring:

  

模块属性在Python中称为“全局变量”,但它们比任何其他数据都没有持久性或可访问性。为什么不只使用字典呢?

示例代码如下:

globaly

foo.py(不再有全局变量):

#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import importlib
import multiprocessing
class clazz(object):
    def __init__(self, modpathy):
        self.modpathy = modpathy
        self.dictionary = {}

    def foopass(self, stringy):
        moduly = importlib.import_module(self.modpathy)
        moduly.foo(stringy, self.dictionary)

    def barpass(self, stringy, numbery):
        moduly = importlib.import_module(self.modpathy)
        moduly.bar(stringy, self.dictionary)
        print('Second argument: '+str(numbery))

def worker(clazzy, number):
    clazzy.barpass('wow', number)

def main():
    clazzy = clazz(sys.argv[1])
    clazzy.foopass('init')

    args = [(clazzy, 2,)]
    with multiprocessing.Pool(processes=2) as pool:
        pool.starmap(worker, args)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

通过这种方式,您可以解决问题而不会烦扰#!/usr/bin/env python def foo(stringy, dictionary): print('foo '+stringy) globaly = 5 dictionary['globaly'] = globaly def bar(stringy, dictionary): print('bar '+stringy) globaly = dictionary['globaly'] print(str(globaly)) 错误,并且可以保持状态