如何改善这个Web搜寻器逻辑?

时间:2019-03-20 03:48:33

标签: python web-scraping beautifulsoup

我正在使用Web爬网程序,该爬网程序将仅使用请求和bs4来爬网内部链接。

我下面有一个粗略的工作版本,但我不确定如何正确处理链接是否以前已被爬网。

import re
import time
import requests
import argparse
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


internal_links = set()

def crawler(new_link):


    html = requests.get(new_link).text 
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
    for link in soup.find_all('a', attrs={'href': re.compile("^http://")}):
        if "href" in link.attrs:
            print(link)
            if link.attrs["href"] not in internal_links:
                new_link = link.attrs["href"]
                print(new_link)
                internal_links.add(new_link)
                print("All links found so far, ", internal_links)
                time.sleep(6)
                crawler(new_link)


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('url', help='Pass the website url you wish to crawl')
    args = parser.parse_args()

    url = args.url

    #Check full url has been passed otherwise requests will throw error later

    try:
        crawler(url)

    except:
        if url[0:4] != 'http':
            print('Please try again and pass the full url eg http://example.com')



if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

以下是输出的最后几行:

All links found so far,  {'http://quotes.toscrape.com/tableful', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/js', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/login', 'http://books.toscrape.com', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/'}
<a href="http://quotes.toscrape.com/search.aspx">ViewState</a>
http://quotes.toscrape.com/search.aspx
All links found so far,  {'http://quotes.toscrape.com/tableful', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/js', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/search.aspx', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/login', 'http://books.toscrape.com', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/'}
<a href="http://quotes.toscrape.com/random">Random</a>
http://quotes.toscrape.com/random
All links found so far,  {'http://quotes.toscrape.com/tableful', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/js', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/search.aspx', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/scroll', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/random', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/login', 'http://books.toscrape.com', 'http://quotes.toscrape.com/'}

因此它可以正常工作,但只能一直工作到某个点,然后似乎再也没有遵循链接了。

确定是因为这一行

for link in soup.find_all('a', attrs={'href': re.compile("^http://")}):

那样只能找到以http开头的链接,并且在很多内部页面上链接都没有,但是当我这样尝试时

for link in soup.find_all('a')

程序运行非常简短,然后结束:

http://books.toscrape.com
{'href': 'http://books.toscrape.com'}
http://books.toscrape.com
All links found so far,  {'http://books.toscrape.com'}
index.html
{'href': 'index.html'}
index.html
All links found so far,  {'index.html', 'http://books.toscrape.com'}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您可以减少

for link in soup.find_all('a', attrs={'href': re.compile("^http://")}):
        if "href" in link.attrs:
            print(link)
            if link.attrs["href"] not in internal_links:
                new_link = link.attrs["href"]
                print(new_link)
                internal_links.add(new_link)

收件人

links = {link['href'] for link in soup.select("a[href^='http:']")}
internal_links.update(links)  

这仅使用通过HTTP协议限定标签元素的抓斗,并使用集合理解来确保没有重复。然后,它将使用任何新链接更新现有集。我不了解足够多的python来评论使用.update的效率,但是我相信它会修改现有集而不是创建一个新集。此处列出了更多组合集合的方法:How to join two sets in one line without using "|"