这是我的项目结构。
[~/Sandbox/pystructure]:$ tree
.
├── pystructure
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── pystructure.py
│ └── utils
│ ├── eggs
│ │ ├── base.py
│ │ └── __init__.py
│ ├── __init__.py
│ └── spam.py
├── README.md
└── requirements.txt
3 directories, 8 files
这些是文件的内容,
[~/Sandbox/pystructure]:$ cat pystructure/utils/spam.py
def do():
print('hello world (from spam)!')
[~/Sandbox/pystructure]:$ cat pystructure/utils/eggs/base.py
def do():
print('hello world (from eggs)!')
[~/Sandbox/pystructure]:$ cat pystructure/utils/eggs/__init__.py
from .base import do
[~/Sandbox/pystructure]:$ cat pystructure/pystructure.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
from .utils import spam, eggs
def main():
spam.do()
eggs.do()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
但是,当我尝试像这样运行应用程序时,会出现此错误,
[~/Sandbox/pystructure]:$ python3 pystructure/pystructure.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "pystructure/pystructure.py", line 3, in <module>
from .utils import spam, eggs
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '__main__.utils'; '__main__' is not a package
或者当我尝试从创建文件的目录中运行代码时(这不是我想要的,因为我想将其作为服务或使用cron来运行),
[~/Sandbox/pystructure]:$ cd pystructure/
[~/Sandbox/pystructure/pystructure]:$ python3 pystructure.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "pystructure.py", line 3, in <module>
from .utils import spam, eggs
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '__main__.utils'; '__main__' is not a package
但是,如果我导入它,它确实可以工作(但是只能从基本目录中...)
[~/Sandbox/pystructure/pystructure]:$ cd ..
[~/Sandbox/pystructure]:$ python3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17)
[GCC 8.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from pystructure import pystructure
>>> pystructure.main()
hello world (from spam)!
hello world (from eggs)!
>>>
(如果尝试从它所在的目录中导入它,则会收到此错误),
[~/Sandbox/pystructure]:$ cd pystructure/
[~/Sandbox/pystructure/pystructure]:$ python3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17)
[GCC 8.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pystructure
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "~/Sandbox/pystructure/pystructure/pystructure.py", line 3, in <module>
from .utils import spam, eggs
ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package
>>>
我相信我的问题来自对PYTHONPATH
的不全面了解,我尝试使用Google谷歌搜索,但是我还没有找到答案...请提供任何见解。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
从软件包导入时,就是从该软件包的__init__.py
导入。...
因此在您的utils软件包中,您的__init__.py
为空。
尝试将其添加到您的utils/__init__.py
print("utils/__init__.py")
from . import eggs
from . import spam
现在,当您说from utils import eggs, spam
时,是在utils软件包的 init .py中,导入我在其中导入的内容。
此外,在pystructure.py
更改此
from .utils import eggs, spam
进入此
from utils import eggs, spam