子图直方图对应于底图Python的图

时间:2019-03-13 14:07:52

标签: python matplotlib matplotlib-basemap

这是我必须在底图上绘制地理定位数据的代码。我想在底图的左侧添加一个直方图,以显示与每个纬度相关的密度。

data = np.zeros((5000,3))
data[:,0]=np.random.uniform(low=-180,high=180,size=(5000,))
data[:,1]=np.random.uniform(low=-60,high=90,size=(5000,))
data[:,2] =np.random.uniform(low=0,high=100000,size=(5000,))

fig = plt.figure(facecolor='w')
grid = plt.GridSpec(4, 4, hspace=0.2, wspace=0.2)
main_ax = fig.add_subplot(grid[:-1, 1:])

m = Basemap(projection = 'cyl', llcrnrlat = -60., urcrnrlat = 90., llcrnrlon = -180., urcrnrlon = 180., resolution ='l')
x, y =m(data[:,0], data[:,1])
m.scatter(x, y, marker='.', s = 0.02, c = data_lac[:,2], cmap = 'hot_r', edgecolor = 'none')
m.fillcontinents(color='grey', lake_color=None, ax=None, alpha=0.1)
parallels=np.arange(-60.,90.,10)
m.drawparallels(parallels, labels =[True, False, False, True], linewidth=0.)
m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-180.,180.,20),labels =[True, False, False, True], linewidth=0. )
m.colorbar()

y_hist = fig.add_subplot(grid[:-1, 0], xticklabels=[], sharey=main_ax)

# histogram on the attached axes
y_hist.hist(data[:,1], 150, histtype='stepfilled', orientation='horizontal', color='blue',alpha=0.2)
y_hist.invert_xaxis()
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

我的直方图大小与地图大小或纬度都不匹配(如果我只想从-60°到90°)。此外,底图和直方图之间不会共享y轴。 我也尝试了GridSpec格式,但结果是相同的。

enter image description here

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

尽管我在评论中链接的答案提供了该问题的原则解决方案,但是当图形的纵横比“太小”时,可能会出现问题。在这种情况下,即使yticks和ylims是同步的,底图的高度和直方图也不是因为两个子图的长宽比不同。解决此问题的最简单方法是使用分轴器,而不是通常的add_subplot()方法,就像在this answer的最后一个示例中所做的那样。

结合我先前的suggested solution在两个情节之间共享yticks,实际上可以得到非常整洁的结果。为了获得最佳结果,我建议不要使用底图colorbar函数,而应直接将fig.colorbar和专用轴用于颜色栏。另外,如果您仅在直方图的左侧显示ytick标签并将其隐藏在底图旁边(来自here的解决方案),它看起来(在我看来)最好。如果不希望这样做,则可以使用pad中的divider.append_axes()关键字来调整直方图和底图之间的距离。

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import make_axes_locatable

data = np.zeros((5000,3))
data[:,0] = np.random.normal(loc=20, scale = 30, size=(5000,))
data[:,1] = np.random.normal(loc=50, scale=10, size=(5000,))
data[:,2] =np.random.uniform(low=0,high=100000,size=(5000,))

##create a figure with just the main axes:
fig, main_ax = plt.subplots()

m = Basemap(
    projection = 'cyl',
    llcrnrlat = -60., urcrnrlat = 90.,
    llcrnrlon = -180., urcrnrlon = 180.,
    resolution ='l',
    ax=main_ax,
)

x, y =m(data[:,0], data[:,1])
cls = m.scatter(
    x, y,
    marker='.', s = 1, c = data[:,2],
    cmap = 'hot_r', edgecolor = 'none'
)
m.fillcontinents(color='grey', lake_color=None, ax=None, alpha=0.1)
lats=np.arange(-60.,90.,10)
lons=np.arange(-180.,180.,60)

##parallels without labels
m.drawparallels(lats, labels =[False, False, False, False], linewidth=0.1)
m.drawmeridians(lons,labels =[False, False, False, True], linewidth=0.1 )


##generating the other axes instances:
##if you want labels at the left side of the map,
##adjust pad to make them visible
divider = make_axes_locatable(main_ax)
y_hist = divider.append_axes('left', size='20%', pad='5%', sharey=main_ax)
cax = divider.append_axes('right',size=0.1,pad=0.1)

##use fig.colorbar instead of m.colorbar
fig.colorbar(cls, cax = cax)


## histogram on the attached axes
y_hist.hist(data[:,1], 150, histtype='stepfilled', orientation='horizontal', color='blue',alpha=0.2)
y_hist.invert_xaxis()

##the y-ticklabels:
_,yticks_data = m(0*lats,lats)
y_hist.set_yticks(yticks_data)
y_hist.set_yticklabels(['{: >3}$^\circ${}'.format(
    abs(int(y)), 'N' if y>0 else 'S' if y<0 else ' '
) for y in lats])

##turning off yticks at basemap
main_ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('none')
plt.setp(main_ax.get_yticklabels(), visible=False)


plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

最终结果具有真正同步的子图高度和yticks(在调整图的大小时也是如此),

result of the above code