我有一个使用file_put_contents()
写入文件的过程:
file_put_contents ( $file, $data, LOCK_EX );
我添加了LOCK_EX
参数以防止并发进程写入同一文件,和防止尝试在仍在写入文件时尝试读取它。
由于并发性,我很难正确地测试它,而且我不确定该如何处理。到目前为止,我已经知道了:
if (file_exists($file)) {
$fp = fopen($file, 'r+');
if (!flock($fp, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB, $wouldblock)) {
if ($wouldblock) {
// how can I wait until the file is unlocked?
} else {
// what other reasons could there be for not being able to lock?
}
}
// does calling fclose automatically close all locks even is a flock was not obtained above?
fclose($file);
}
问题如下:
fclose()
是否自动解锁所有锁?答案 0 :(得分:1)
我经常使用一小类...安全且快速,基本上,只有在获得对文件的排他锁时,才必须编写,否则应该等到被锁住...
lock_file.php
<?php
/*
Reference Material
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID
*/
class Exclusive_Lock {
/* Private variables */
public $filename; // The file to be locked
public $timeout = 30; // The timeout value of the lock
public $permission = 0755; // The permission value of the locked file
/* Constructor */
public function __construct($filename, $timeout = 1, $permission = null, $override = false) {
// Append '.lck' extension to filename for the locking mechanism
$this->filename = $filename . '.lck';
// Timeout should be some factor greater than the maximum script execution time
$temp = @get_cfg_var('max_execution_time');
if ($temp === false || $override === true) {
if ($timeout >= 1) $this->timeout = $timeout;
set_time_limit($this->timeout);
} else {
if ($timeout < 1) $this->timeout = $temp;
else $this->timeout = $timeout * $temp;
}
// Should some other permission value be necessary
if (isset($permission)) $this->permission = $permission;
}
/* Methods */
public function acquireLock() {
// Create the locked file, the 'x' parameter is used to detect a preexisting lock
$fp = @fopen($this->filename, 'x');
// If an error occurs fail lock
if ($fp === false) return false;
// If the permission set is unsuccessful fail lock
if (!@chmod($this->filename, $this->permission)) return false;
// If unable to write the timeout value fail lock
if (false === @fwrite($fp, time() + intval($this->timeout))) return false;
// If lock is successfully closed validate lock
return fclose($fp);
}
public function releaseLock() {
// Delete the file with the extension '.lck'
return @unlink($this->filename);
}
public function timeLock() {
// Retrieve the contents of the lock file
$timeout = @file_get_contents($this->filename);
// If no contents retrieved return error
if ($timeout === false) return false;
// Return the timeout value
return intval($timeout);
}
}
?>
简单用法如下:
include("lock_file.php");
$file = new Exclusive_Lock("my_file.dat", 2);
if ($file->acquireLock()) {
$data = fopen("my_file.dat", "w+");
$read = "READ: YES";
fwrite($data, $read);
fclose($data);
$file->releaseLock();
chmod("my_file.dat", 0755);
unset($data);
unset($read);
}
如果要添加更复杂的级别,则可以使用其他技巧...使用while(1)初始化一个无限循环,该无限循环仅在获得排他锁时才会中断,因此不建议这样做,因为这会阻塞服务器一段不确定的时间。 ..
include("lock_file.php");
$file = new Exclusive_Lock("my_file.dat", 2);
while (1) {
if ($file->acquireLock()) {
$data = fopen("my_file.dat", "w+");
$read = "READ: YES";
fwrite($data, $read);
fclose($data);
$file->releaseLock();
chmod("my_file.dat", 0755);
unset($data);
unset($read);
break;
}
}
file_put_contents()非常快,可以直接写入文件,但是正如您所说的那样,它有一个限制... race_condition存在,即使您尝试使用LOCK_EX也可能发生。我认为php类更加灵活和可用...
看到这个讨论类似问题的线程:php flock behaviour when file is locked by one process
答案 1 :(得分:0)
第一个问题在这里How to detect the finish with file_put_contents() in php?被回答,因为PHP是单线程的,唯一的解决方案是使用PTHREADS使用核心PHP的扩展,关于它的一个简单的好文章是https://www.mullie.eu/parallel-processing-multi-tasking-php/
在这里回答第二个问题Will flock'ed file be unlocked when the process die unexpectedly?
fclose()将仅解锁使用fopen()或fsockopen()打开的有效句柄,因此,如果句柄仍然有效,是的它将关闭文件并释放锁。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
我编写了一个使用sleep()
的小型测试,以便可以通过一个简单的AJAX调用来模拟并发读写过程。看来这回答了两个问题:
fclose()
确实不从某些答案中确认的已从正在运行的进程中删除锁定。根据文档,Windows上的PHP5.5及更低版本不支持$wouldblock
参数,
我能够在Windows + PHP5.3上对其进行测试,并得出结论,我的测试中的file_is_locked()
在这种情况下仍然有效:
flock()
仍会返回false,只是没有$wouldblock
参数,但仍会在我的else
检查中被捕获。
if (isset($_POST['action'])) {
$file = 'file.txt';
$fp = fopen($file, 'r+');
if ($wouldblock = file_is_locked($fp)) {
// wait and then try again;
sleep(5);
$wouldblock = file_is_locked($fp);
}
switch ($_POST['action']) {
case 'write':
if ($wouldblock) {
echo 'already writing';
} else {
flock($fp, LOCK_EX);
fwrite($fp, 'yadayada');
sleep(5);
echo 'done writing';
}
break;
case 'read':
if ($wouldblock) {
echo 'cant read, already writing';
} else {
echo fread($fp, filesize($file));
}
break;
}
fclose($fp);
die();
}
function file_is_locked( $fp ) {
if (!flock($fp, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB, $wouldblock)) {
if ($wouldblock) {
return 'locked'; // file is locked
} else {
return 'no idea'; // can't lock for whatever reason (for example being locked in Windows + PHP5.3)
}
} else {
return false;
}
}