Question

1。摘要

我找不到如何将YAML文件中的变量添加到没有重复项的Python文件中的方法。

2。目的

我使用Pelican — static sites generator。 It use .py files for configuration。问题：

I can't reuse variables from .py for JavaScript
import * antipattern，甚至可以在official Pelican blog

我尝试将配置转移到YAML文件→我遇到了这个问题。

3。 MCVE

3.1。文件

Live demo on Repl.it
main.py：

"""First Python file."""
# [INFO] Using ruamel.yaml — superset of PyYAML:
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/38922434/5951529
import ruamel.yaml as yaml

SETTINGS_FILES = ["kira.yaml", "kristina.yaml"]

for setting_file in SETTINGS_FILES:
    VARIABLES = yaml.safe_load(open(setting_file))
    # [INFO] Convert Python dictionary to variables:
    # https://stackoverflow.com/a/36059129/5951529
    locals().update(VARIABLES)

# [INFO] View all variables:
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/633134/5951529
print(dir())

publishconf.py：

"""Second Python file."""
import ruamel.yaml as yaml

# [NOTE] Another value in list
SETTINGS_FILES = ["kira.yaml", "katya.yaml"]

for setting_file in SETTINGS_FILES:
    VARIABLES = yaml.load(open(setting_file))
    locals().update(VARIABLES)


print(dir())

kira.yaml：

DECISION: Saint Petersburg

kristina.yaml：

SPAIN: Marbella

katya.yaml：

BURIED: Novoshakhtinsk

3.2。预期的行为

DECISION

SPAIN和main.py变量：

$ python main.py
['DECISION', 'SETTINGS_FILES', 'SPAIN', 'VARIABLES', '__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '__warningregistry__', 'setting_file', 'yaml']

DECISION

BURIED和publishconf.py变量：

$ python publishconf.py
['BURIED', 'DECISION', 'SETTINGS_FILES', 'VARIABLES', '__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '__warningregistry__', 'setting_file', 'yaml']

3.3。问题

main.py和publishconf.py中的重复循环：

for setting_file in SETTINGS_FILES:
    VARIABLES = yaml.load(open(setting_file))
    locals().update(VARIABLES)

我不能使用重复项吗？

4。没有帮助

4.1。配置文件

Live demo on Repl.it
config.py：

"""Config Python file."""
# [INFO] Using ruamel.yaml — superset of PyYAML:
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/38922434/5951529
import ruamel.yaml as yaml

MAIN_CONFIG = ["kira.yaml", "kristina.yaml"]

PUBLISHCONF_CONFIG = ["kira.yaml", "katya.yaml"]


def kirafunction(pelicanplugins):
    """Function for both Python files."""
    for setting_file in pelicanplugins:
        # [INFO] Convert Python dictionary to variables:
        # https://stackoverflow.com/a/36059129/5951529
        variables = yaml.safe_load(open(setting_file))
        globals().update(variables)


def main_function():
    """For main.py."""
    kirafunction(MAIN_CONFIG)


def publishconf_function():
    """For publishconf.py."""
    kirafunction(PUBLISHCONF_CONFIG)

main.py：

"""First Python file."""
import sys

from config import main_function

sys.path.append(".")


main_function()

# [INFO] View all variables:
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/633134/5951529
print(dir())

publishconf.py：

"""Second Python file."""
import sys

from config import publishconf_function

sys.path.append(".")


publishconf_function()

print(dir())

main_function和publishconf_function中的变量不会在文件之间共享：

$ python main.py
['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'main_function', 'signal', 'sys']

4.2。另一个尝试

将循环包装为以下示例：

def kirafunction():
    """Docstring."""
    for setting_file in SETTINGS_FILES:
        VARIABLES = yaml.safe_load(open(setting_file))
        locals().update(VARIABLES)


kirafunction()

Using global keyword
“ I think editing locals() like that is generally a bad idea. If you think globals() is a better alternative, think it twice!”

Search

Stack Overflow questions

Answer 1

我会避免对locals返回的内容进行任何更新，因为文档明确指出：

注意该字典的内容不得修改；更改可能不会影响解释器使用的局部变量和自由变量的值。

globals函数是仅包含模块属性的字典，并且globals返回的映射确实是可写的。

因此，如果它存在于一个Python源代码中：

def kirafunction(map,settings):
  # [NOTE] Another value in list
  for setting_file in settings:
    VARIABLES = yaml.load(open(setting_file))
    map.update(VARIABLES)

导入以上函数后，可以从任何其他Python来源中使用它：

kirafunction(globals(), settings)

并将变量导入到调用模块的全局字典中。而且将是高度非Python的...

稍微有点Python化的方式是，专用于一个Python模块来保存加载yaml文件的代码和新变量：

loader.py：

import ruamel.yaml as yaml

SETTINGS_FILES = ["kira.yaml", "kristina.yaml"]

for setting_file in SETTINGS_FILES:
    VARIABLES = yaml.safe_load(open(setting_file))
    # [INFO] Convert Python dictionary to variables:
    # https://stackoverflow.com/a/36059129/5951529
    globals().update(VARIABLES)

然后在您可以使用的任何其他Python模块中使用

：

...
import loader      # assuming that it is in sys.path...
...
print(loader.DECISION)
print(dir(loader))

但这仍然不常见，需要评论以解释其理由。

阅读您评论中的Pelican配置示例后，我假设您需要的是一种在不同脚本中导入yaml文件中声明的一堆变量的方法。在那种情况下，我会将加载变量的代码放在一个模块中，并在其他模块中更新globals()字典：