好的，所以我试图将我的应用程序部署到Heroku上。
以下两个代码段均成功完成：
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake assets:precompile
rails assets:precompile
*使rails资产令人沮丧的是：precompile单独成功完成，但是当尝试将其推到Heroku时，它说此命令失败。
尽管当我提交这些更改并尝试
git push heroku master
我收到以下错误：
remote: Running: rake assets:precompile
remote: rake aborted!
remote: TypeError: no implicit conversion of nil into String
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/config/initializers/devise.rb:21:in `+'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/config/initializers/devise.rb:21:in `block in <top (required)>'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/devise-4.5.0/lib/devise.rb:307:in `setup'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/config/initializers/devise.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.6/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.6/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `block in load'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.6/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.6/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/engine.rb:655:in `block in load_config_initializer'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.6/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:168:in `instrument'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/engine.rb:654:in `load_config_initializer'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/engine.rb:612:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Engine>'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/engine.rb:611:in `each'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/engine.rb:611:in `block in <class:Engine>'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/initializable.rb:59:in `block in run_initializers'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/initializable.rb:48:in `each'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/initializable.rb:48:in `tsort_each_child'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/initializable.rb:58:in `run_initializers'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/application.rb:353:in `initialize!'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.6/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.6/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `block in require'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.6/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/activesupport-5.1.6/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:292:in `require'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/application.rb:329:in `require_environment!'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/railties-5.1.6/lib/rails/application.rb:445:in `block in run_tasks_blocks'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/sprockets-rails-3.2.1/lib/sprockets/rails/task.rb:62:in `block (2 levels) in define'
remote: /tmp/build_3e8ae02f61a1fa36427570c9cf7d0b7d/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/gems/rake-12.3.1/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
remote: Tasks: TOP => environment
remote: (See full trace by running task with --trace)
remote:
remote: !
remote: ! Precompiling assets failed.
remote: !
remote: ! Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app.
remote:
remote: ! Push failed
remote: Verifying deploy...
我一直在研究许多线程，但尚未找到答案，我们将不胜感激。下面是它正在引用的文件。 /config/initializers/devise.rb
Devise.setup do |config|
# The secret key used by Devise. Devise uses this key to generate
# random tokens. Changing this key will render invalid all existing
# confirmation, reset password and unlock tokens in the database.
# Devise will use the `secret_key_base` as its `secret_key`
# by default. You can change it below and use your own secret key.
config.secret_key = '######'
# Configure the class responsible to send e-mails.
# config.mailer = 'Devise::Mailer'
# Configure the parent class responsible to send e-mails.
# config.parent_mailer = 'ActionMailer::Base'
# ==> ORM configuration
# Load and configure the ORM. Supports :active_record (default) and
# :mongoid (bson_ext recommended) by default. Other ORMs may be
# available as additional gems.
require 'devise/orm/active_record'
# ==> Configuration for any authentication mechanism
# Configure which keys are used when authenticating a user. The default is
# just :email. You can configure it to use [:username, :subdomain], so for
# authenticating a user, both parameters are required. Remember that those
# parameters are used only when authenticating and not when retrieving from
# session. If you need permissions, you should implement that in a before filter.
# You can also supply a hash where the value is a boolean determining whether
# or not authentication should be aborted when the value is not present.
# config.authentication_keys = [:email]
# Configure parameters from the request object used for authentication. Each entry
# given should be a request method and it will automatically be passed to the
# find_for_authentication method and considered in your model lookup. For instance,
# if you set :request_keys to [:subdomain], :subdomain will be used on authentication.
# The same considerations mentioned for authentication_keys also apply to request_keys.
# config.request_keys = []
# Configure which authentication keys should be case-insensitive.
# These keys will be downcased upon creating or modifying a user and when used
# to authenticate or find a user. Default is :email.
config.case_insensitive_keys = [:email]
# Configure which authentication keys should have whitespace stripped.
# These keys will have whitespace before and after removed upon creating or
# modifying a user and when used to authenticate or find a user. Default is :email.
config.strip_whitespace_keys = [:email]
# Tell if authentication through request.params is enabled. True by default.
# It can be set to an array that will enable params authentication only for the
# given strategies, for example, `config.params_authenticatable = [:database]` will
# enable it only for database (email + password) authentication.
# config.params_authenticatable = true
# Tell if authentication through HTTP Auth is enabled. False by default.
# It can be set to an array that will enable http authentication only for the
# given strategies, for example, `config.http_authenticatable = [:database]` will
# enable it only for database authentication. The supported strategies are:
# :database = Support basic authentication with authentication key + password
# config.http_authenticatable = false
# If 401 status code should be returned for AJAX requests. True by default.
# config.http_authenticatable_on_xhr = true
# The realm used in Http Basic Authentication. 'Application' by default.
# config.http_authentication_realm = 'Application'
# It will change confirmation, password recovery and other workflows
# to behave the same regardless if the e-mail provided was right or wrong.
# Does not affect registerable.
# config.paranoid = true
# By default Devise will store the user in session. You can skip storage for
# particular strategies by setting this option.
# Notice that if you are skipping storage for all authentication paths, you
# may want to disable generating routes to Devise's sessions controller by
# passing skip: :sessions to `devise_for` in your config/routes.rb
config.skip_session_storage = [:http_auth]
# By default, Devise cleans up the CSRF token on authentication to
# avoid CSRF token fixation attacks. This means that, when using AJAX
# requests for sign in and sign up, you need to get a new CSRF token
# from the server. You can disable this option at your own risk.
# config.clean_up_csrf_token_on_authentication = true
# When false, Devise will not attempt to reload routes on eager load.
# This can reduce the time taken to boot the app but if your application
# requires the Devise mappings to be loaded during boot time the application
# won't boot properly.
# config.reload_routes = true
# ==> Configuration for :database_authenticatable
# For bcrypt, this is the cost for hashing the password and defaults to 11. If
# using other algorithms, it sets how many times you want the password to be hashed.
#
# Limiting the stretches to just one in testing will increase the performance of
# your test suite dramatically. However, it is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to not use
# a value less than 10 in other environments. Note that, for bcrypt (the default
# algorithm), the cost increases exponentially with the number of stretches (e.g.
# a value of 20 is already extremely slow: approx. 60 seconds for 1 calculation).
config.stretches = Rails.env.test? ? 1 : 11
# Set up a pepper to generate the hashed password.
# config.pepper = '1ce8d56240e1fd617765ff43fab306c59332a9bc6fccc2cd84fe6665d27a116ea7299d13b9bc57c5d53a425066ceadf58f5405ac29fa86210208f7398af8024f'
# Send a notification to the original email when the user's email is changed.
# config.send_email_changed_notification = false
# Send a notification email when the user's password is changed.
# config.send_password_change_notification = false
# ==> Configuration for :confirmable
# A period that the user is allowed to access the website even without
# confirming their account. For instance, if set to 2.days, the user will be
# able to access the website for two days without confirming their account,
# access will be blocked just in the third day. Default is 0.days, meaning
# the user cannot access the website without confirming their account.
# config.allow_unconfirmed_access_for = 2.days
# A period that the user is allowed to confirm their account before their
# token becomes invalid. For example, if set to 3.days, the user can confirm
# their account within 3 days after the mail was sent, but on the fourth day
# their account can't be confirmed with the token any more.
# Default is nil, meaning there is no restriction on how long a user can take
# before confirming their account.
# config.confirm_within = 3.days
# If true, requires any email changes to be confirmed (exactly the same way as
# initial account confirmation) to be applied. Requires additional unconfirmed_email
# db field (see migrations). Until confirmed, new email is stored in
# unconfirmed_email column, and copied to email column on successful confirmation.
config.reconfirmable = true
# Defines which key will be used when confirming an account
# config.confirmation_keys = [:email]
# ==> Configuration for :rememberable
# The time the user will be remembered without asking for credentials again.
# config.remember_for = 2.weeks
# Invalidates all the remember me tokens when the user signs out.
config.expire_all_remember_me_on_sign_out = true
# If true, extends the user's remember period when remembered via cookie.
# config.extend_remember_period = false
# Options to be passed to the created cookie. For instance, you can set
# secure: true in order to force SSL only cookies.
# config.rememberable_options = {}
# ==> Configuration for :validatable
# Range for password length.
config.password_length = 6..128
# Email regex used to validate email formats. It simply asserts that
# one (and only one) @ exists in the given string. This is mainly
# to give user feedback and not to assert the e-mail validity.
config.email_regexp = /\A[^@\s]+@[^@\s]+\z/
# ==> Configuration for :timeoutable
# The time you want to timeout the user session without activity. After this
# time the user will be asked for credentials again. Default is 30 minutes.
# config.timeout_in = 30.minutes
# ==> Configuration for :lockable
# Defines which strategy will be used to lock an account.
# :failed_attempts = Locks an account after a number of failed attempts to sign in.
# :none = No lock strategy. You should handle locking by yourself.
# config.lock_strategy = :failed_attempts
# Defines which key will be used when locking and unlocking an account
# config.unlock_keys = [:email]
# Defines which strategy will be used to unlock an account.
# :email = Sends an unlock link to the user email
# :time = Re-enables login after a certain amount of time (see :unlock_in below)
# :both = Enables both strategies
# :none = No unlock strategy. You should handle unlocking by yourself.
# config.unlock_strategy = :both
# Number of authentication tries before locking an account if lock_strategy
# is failed attempts.
# config.maximum_attempts = 20
# Time interval to unlock the account if :time is enabled as unlock_strategy.
# config.unlock_in = 1.hour
# Warn on the last attempt before the account is locked.
# config.last_attempt_warning = true
# ==> Configuration for :recoverable
#
# Defines which key will be used when recovering the password for an account
# config.reset_password_keys = [:email]
# Time interval you can reset your password with a reset password key.
# Don't put a too small interval or your users won't have the time to
# change their passwords.
config.reset_password_within = 6.hours
# When set to false, does not sign a user in automatically after their password is
# reset. Defaults to true, so a user is signed in automatically after a reset.
# config.sign_in_after_reset_password = true
# ==> Configuration for :encryptable
# Allow you to use another hashing or encryption algorithm besides bcrypt (default).
# You can use :sha1, :sha512 or algorithms from others authentication tools as
# :clearance_sha1, :authlogic_sha512 (then you should set stretches above to 20
# for default behavior) and :restful_authentication_sha1 (then you should set
# stretches to 10, and copy REST_AUTH_SITE_KEY to pepper).
#
# Require the `devise-encryptable` gem when using anything other than bcrypt
# config.encryptor = :sha512
# ==> Scopes configuration
# Turn scoped views on. Before rendering "sessions/new", it will first check for
# "users/sessions/new". It's turned off by default because it's slower if you
# are using only default views.
# config.scoped_views = false
# Configure the default scope given to Warden. By default it's the first
# devise role declared in your routes (usually :user).
# config.default_scope = :user
# Set this configuration to false if you want /users/sign_out to sign out
# only the current scope. By default, Devise signs out all scopes.
# config.sign_out_all_scopes = true
# ==> Navigation configuration
# Lists the formats that should be treated as navigational. Formats like
# :html, should redirect to the sign in page when the user does not have
# access, but formats like :xml or :json, should return 401.
#
# If you have any extra navigational formats, like :iphone or :mobile, you
# should add them to the navigational formats lists.
#
# The "*/*" below is required to match Internet Explorer requests.
# config.navigational_formats = ['*/*', :html]
# The default HTTP method used to sign out a resource. Default is :delete.
config.sign_out_via = :delete
# ==> OmniAuth
# Add a new OmniAuth provider. Check the wiki for more information on setting
# up on your models and hooks.
# config.omniauth :github, 'APP_ID', 'APP_SECRET', scope: 'user,public_repo'
# ==> Warden configuration
# If you want to use other strategies, that are not supported by Devise, or
# change the failure app, you can configure them inside the config.warden block.
#
# config.warden do |manager|
# manager.intercept_401 = false
# manager.default_strategies(scope: :user).unshift :some_external_strategy
# end
# ==> Mountable engine configurations
# When using Devise inside an engine, let's call it `MyEngine`, and this engine
# is mountable, there are some extra configurations to be taken into account.
# The following options are available, assuming the engine is mounted as:
#
# mount MyEngine, at: '/my_engine'
#
# The router that invoked `devise_for`, in the example above, would be:
# config.router_name = :my_engine
#
# When using OmniAuth, Devise cannot automatically set OmniAuth path,
# so you need to do it manually. For the users scope, it would be:
# config.omniauth_path_prefix = '/my_engine/users/auth'
# ==> Turbolinks configuration
# If your app is using Turbolinks, Turbolinks::Controller needs to be included to make redirection work correctly:
#
# ActiveSupport.on_load(:devise_failure_app) do
# include Turbolinks::Controller
# end
end
database.yml（生产部件似乎可以正常工作）
production:
adapter: postgresql
database: db/production.pg
答案 0 :(得分：0)
config / webpacker.yml中的这些条目为我解决了此问题：
default: &default
source_path: app/javascript
source_entry_path: packs
public_root_path: public
public_output_path: packs
注意：我的配置中缺少1个条目（这导致TypeError）：“ public_root_path”
答案 1 :(得分：0)
我有同样的问题。如果使用Rails的新凭据功能存储环境变量，则可能会忘记在Heroku上设置RAILS_MASTER_KEY ENV变量：
heroku config:set RAILS_MASTER_KEY=<your key>
您可以通过在config/credentials文件夹中找到该密钥。