我已经获得了访问运行Centos，PHP 7和Apache 2的Web服务器的权限。我已经向其中上传了Drupal网站，但是当我在浏览器中访问该网站时，我会看到；
403 - Forbidden: Access is denied.
You do not have permission to view this directory or page using the credentials that you supplied.
为了允许用户通过SFTP上传文件，我创建了一个SSH用户“ webuser”，创建了一个“ www-data”组，将该组分配给了该用户，并设置了文件权限以允许该组能够将文件上传到/ var / www / html。
我对Apache配置进行了一些更改，主要是将AllowOveride更改为All。
包含Drupal站点的文件夹为/ var / www / html / drupal。
/ var / www / html由apache：www-data拥有
/ var / www / html由webuser：www-data拥有
对于为什么看到此错误，我有些困惑。
我已经将测试文件放置在文件夹中，例如test.txt和一个应该输出phpinfo（）的php文件，但是这些文件不起作用，这表明问题不是特定于Drupal而是服务器配置。 / p>
根据要求，这是.htaccess文件；
#
# Apache/PHP/Drupal settings:
#
# Protect files and directories from prying eyes.
<FilesMatch "\.(engine|inc|install|make|module|profile|po|sh|.*sql|theme|twig|tpl(\.php)?|xtmpl|yml)(~|\.sw[op]|\.bak|\.orig|\.save)?$|^(\.(?!well-known).*|Entries.*|Repository|Root|Tag|Template|composer\.(json|lock))$|^#.*#$|\.php(~|\.sw[op]|\.bak|\.orig|\.save)$">
<IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
Require all denied
</IfModule>
<IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
Order allow,deny
</IfModule>
</FilesMatch>
# Don't show directory listings for URLs which map to a directory.
Options -Indexes
# Set the default handler.
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm
# Add correct encoding for SVGZ.
AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz
AddEncoding gzip svgz
# Most of the following PHP settings cannot be changed at runtime. See
# sites/default/default.settings.php and
# Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel::bootEnvironment() for settings that can be
# changed at runtime.
# PHP 5, Apache 1 and 2.
<IfModule mod_php5.c>
php_value assert.active 0
php_flag session.auto_start off
php_value mbstring.http_input pass
php_value mbstring.http_output pass
php_flag mbstring.encoding_translation off
# PHP 5.6 has deprecated $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA and produces warnings if this is
# not set.
php_value always_populate_raw_post_data -1
</IfModule>
# Requires mod_expires to be enabled.
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
# Enable expirations.
ExpiresActive On
# Cache all files for 2 weeks after access (A).
ExpiresDefault A1209600
<FilesMatch \.php$>
# Do not allow PHP scripts to be cached unless they explicitly send cache
# headers themselves. Otherwise all scripts would have to overwrite the
# headers set by mod_expires if they want another caching behavior. This may
# fail if an error occurs early in the bootstrap process, and it may cause
# problems if a non-Drupal PHP file is installed in a subdirectory.
ExpiresActive Off
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
# Set a fallback resource if mod_rewrite is not enabled. This allows Drupal to
# work without clean URLs. This requires Apache version >= 2.2.16. If Drupal is
# not accessed by the top level URL (i.e.: http://example.com/drupal/ instead of
# http://example.com/), the path to index.php will need to be adjusted.
<IfModule !mod_rewrite.c>
FallbackResource /index.php
</IfModule>
# Various rewrite rules.
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on
# Set "protossl" to "s" if we were accessed via https://. This is used later
# if you enable "www." stripping or enforcement, in order to ensure that
# you don't bounce between http and https.
RewriteRule ^ - [E=protossl]
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} on
RewriteRule ^ - [E=protossl:s]
# Make sure Authorization HTTP header is available to PHP
# even when running as CGI or FastCGI.
RewriteRule ^ - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
# Block access to "hidden" directories whose names begin with a period. This
# includes directories used by version control systems such as Subversion or
# Git to store control files. Files whose names begin with a period, as well
# as the control files used by CVS, are protected by the FilesMatch directive
# above.
#
# NOTE: This only works when mod_rewrite is loaded. Without mod_rewrite, it is
# not possible to block access to entire directories from .htaccess because
# <DirectoryMatch> is not allowed here.
#
# If you do not have mod_rewrite installed, you should remove these
# directories from your webroot or otherwise protect them from being
# downloaded.
RewriteRule "/\.|^\.(?!well-known/)" - [F]
# If your site can be accessed both with and without the 'www.' prefix, you
# can use one of the following settings to redirect users to your preferred
# URL, either WITH or WITHOUT the 'www.' prefix. Choose ONLY one option:
#
# To redirect all users to access the site WITH the 'www.' prefix,
# (http://example.com/foo will be redirected to http://www.example.com/foo)
# uncomment the following:
# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} .
# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
# RewriteRule ^ http%{ENV:protossl}://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
#
# To redirect all users to access the site WITHOUT the 'www.' prefix,
# (http://www.example.com/foo will be redirected to http://example.com/foo)
# uncomment the following:
# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC]
# RewriteRule ^ http%{ENV:protossl}://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
# Modify the RewriteBase if you are using Drupal in a subdirectory or in a
# VirtualDocumentRoot and the rewrite rules are not working properly.
# For example if your site is at http://example.com/drupal uncomment and
# modify the following line:
# RewriteBase /drupal
#
# If your site is running in a VirtualDocumentRoot at http://example.com/,
# uncomment the following line:
# RewriteBase /
# Redirect common PHP files to their new locations.
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^(.*)?/(install.php) [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^(.*)?/(rebuild.php)
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !core
RewriteRule ^ %1/core/%2 [L,QSA,R=301]
# Rewrite install.php during installation to see if mod_rewrite is working
RewriteRule ^core/install.php core/install.php?rewrite=ok [QSA,L]
# Pass all requests not referring directly to files in the filesystem to
# index.php.
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/favicon.ico
RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]
# For security reasons, deny access to other PHP files on public sites.
# Note: The following URI conditions are not anchored at the start (^),
# because Drupal may be located in a subdirectory. To further improve
# security, you can replace '!/' with '!^/'.
# Allow access to PHP files in /core (like authorize.php or install.php):
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !/core/[^/]*\.php$
# Allow access to test-specific PHP files:
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !/core/modules/system/tests/https?.php
# Allow access to Statistics module's custom front controller.
# Copy and adapt this rule to directly execute PHP files in contributed or
# custom modules or to run another PHP application in the same directory.
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !/core/modules/statistics/statistics.php$
# Deny access to any other PHP files that do not match the rules above.
# Specifically, disallow autoload.php from being served directly.
RewriteRule "^(.+/.*|autoload)\.php($|/)" - [F]
# Rules to correctly serve gzip compressed CSS and JS files.
# Requires both mod_rewrite and mod_headers to be enabled.
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Serve gzip compressed CSS files if they exist and the client accepts gzip.
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-encoding} gzip
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -s
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.css $1\.css\.gz [QSA]
# Serve gzip compressed JS files if they exist and the client accepts gzip.
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-encoding} gzip
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -s
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.js $1\.js\.gz [QSA]
# Serve correct content types, and prevent mod_deflate double gzip.
RewriteRule \.css\.gz$ - [T=text/css,E=no-gzip:1]
RewriteRule \.js\.gz$ - [T=text/javascript,E=no-gzip:1]
<FilesMatch "(\.js\.gz|\.css\.gz)$">
# Serve correct encoding type.
Header set Content-Encoding gzip
# Force proxies to cache gzipped & non-gzipped css/js files separately.
Header append Vary Accept-Encoding
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
# Various header fixes.
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Disable content sniffing, since it's an attack vector.
Header always set X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
# Disable Proxy header, since it's an attack vector.
RequestHeader unset Proxy
</IfModule>
我不确定这是.htaccess问题。 drupal网站位于/ var / www / html / drupal中，可通过在URL末尾放置“ drupal”来访问它。我已经在/ var / www / html中放置了一个简单的HTML文件，并尝试仅使用域名来访问它，甚至没有加载。
因为这是Centos和Ubuntu，所以我删除了www-data组，将我的用户添加到apache组，并在文件夹上设置了权限，因此apache：apache是owner：group。
drwxrwxr-x. 5 root root 47 Mar 4 11:40 .
drwxr-xr-x. 21 root root 4096 Feb 28 16:50 ..
drwxrwxr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2018 cgi-bin
drwxrwsr-x. 3 apache apache 38 Mar 5 16:50 html
以及/ var / www / html
drwxrwsr-x. 3 apache apache 38 Mar 5 16:50 .
drwxrwxr-x. 5 root root 47 Mar 4 11:40 ..
drwxrwsr-x. 11 apache apache 4096 Mar 5 16:17 drupal
-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache apache 47 Mar 5 16:50 index.html
以及/ var / www / html / drupal
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 262 Apr 25 2018 autoload.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 2740 Apr 25 2018 composer.json
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 161072 Apr 25 2018 composer.lock
drwxr-sr-x. 12 apache apache 4096 Apr 25 2018 core
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 1025 Apr 25 2018 .csslintrc
drwxr-sr-x. 3 apache apache 16 Jul 3 2018 docker
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 1413 Apr 25 2018 docker-compose-staging.yml
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 167 Nov 2 10:52 docker-compose.yml
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 357 Apr 25 2018 .editorconfig
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 151 Apr 25 2018 .eslintignore
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 41 Apr 25 2018 .eslintrc.json
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 3858 Apr 25 2018 .gitattributes
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 169 May 3 2018 .gitignore
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 7866 Apr 25 2018 .htaccess
drwxr-sr-x. 7 apache apache 4096 Jun 4 2018 html
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 2306 Apr 25 2018 .ht.router.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 549 Apr 25 2018 index.php
drwxr-sr-x. 7 apache apache 88 Mar 15 2018 libraries
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 18092 Nov 16 2016 LICENSE.txt
drwxr-sr-x. 66 apache apache 4096 Oct 8 16:02 modules
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 23 Oct 29 16:14 phpinfo.php
drwxr-sr-x. 2 apache apache 24 Feb 20 2018 profiles
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 5889 Apr 25 2018 README.txt
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 1596 Apr 25 2018 robots.txt
drwxr-sr-x. 3 apache apache 145 Jun 4 2018 sites
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 5 Mar 5 16:17 test.txt
drwxr-sr-x. 5 apache apache 93 Oct 9 08:32 themes
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 848 Apr 25 2018 update.php
drwxr-sr-x. 17 apache apache 4096 Apr 25 2018 vendor
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 apache apache 4555 Apr 25 2018 web.config
为了解决这个问题，我创建了一个虚拟主机；
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/staging
ServerName servername.uksouth.cloudapp.azure.com
ServerAlias servername.uksouth.cloudapp.azure.com
<Directory /var/www/vhosts/staging>
Options +FollowSymLinks -Includes
AllowOverride All
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
我已经创建了/ var / www / html / staging文件夹并在其中放置了一个简单的HTML文件，当我在浏览器中访问该url时，仍然看到相同的错误，并且在Apache中也没有看到任何错误记录error_log文件。