我正在尝试编译一个包含CUDA代码的小型库。
我已经成功地将其编译为共享库,但是我真正需要的是静态库。
我有两个源文件:
main.c :包含用C编写的测试函数。我使用gcc编译该文件
main_kernel.cu :包含一个CUDA内核“ testKernel”和一个C封装函数“ test_gpu”,该函数调用testKernel。
以下是 main_kernel.cu 的摘录:
__global__ void testKernel(float *data, const int l)
{
int idx = blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;
if (idx < l)
data[idx]++;
}
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
void test_gpu(float *data, const int length)
{
// Run kernel
testKernel<<< 512, 1024 >>>(data, length);
}
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
我使用gcc将 main.c 编译为 main.o <-可以按需运行。
我使用-rdc = true选项使用nvcc将 main_kernel.cu 编译为一个我称为 main_kernel_h.o 的中间对象。
然后我将nvcc与-dlink选项一起使用,以将中间对象设备链接到 main_kernel.o 。
然后,根据this answer,我使用rcs标志将这三个都链接到带有ar的静态库中。
这一切运行良好,但是当我要将可执行文件链接到新库时会出现问题。
然后,我获得了一堆CUDA函数的未定义引用。这是确切的错误:
../../build/test/bin/libLib.a(main_kernel_h.o): In function `__nv_cudaEntityRegisterCallback(void**)':
tmpxft_0000422a_00000000-5_main_kernel.compute_52.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x60): undefined reference to `__cudaRegisterFunction'
../../build/test/bin/libLib.a(main_kernel_h.o): In function `__device_stub__Z10testKernelPfi(float*, int)':
tmpxft_0000422a_00000000-5_main_kernel.compute_52.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x8a): undefined reference to `cudaSetupArgument'
tmpxft_0000422a_00000000-5_main_kernel.compute_52.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0xb0): undefined reference to `cudaSetupArgument'
tmpxft_0000422a_00000000-5_main_kernel.compute_52.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0xc7): undefined reference to `cudaLaunch'
../../build/test/bin/libLib.a(main_kernel_h.o): In function `test_gpu':
tmpxft_0000422a_00000000-5_main_kernel.compute_52.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x124): undefined reference to `cudaConfigureCall'
../../build/test/bin/libLib.a(main_kernel.o): In function `__cudaUnregisterBinaryUtil':
link.stub:(.text+0xf): undefined reference to `__cudaUnregisterFatBinary'
../../build/test/bin/libLib.a(main_kernel.o): In function `__cudaRegisterLinkedBinary(__fatBinC_Wrapper_t const*, void (*)(void**), void*)':
link.stub:(.text+0xd0): undefined reference to `__cudaRegisterFatBinary'
我从 nm 获得的输出是这样的:
main.o:
U _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
0000000000000000 r .LC0
0000000000000000 T testFunc
U test_gpu
main_kernel.o:
U atexit
U __cudaRegisterFatBinary
0000000000000015 T __cudaRegisterLinkedBinary_57_tmpxft_0000422a_00000000_9_main_kernel_compute_52_cpp1_ii_335679f8
0000000000000000 t __cudaUnregisterBinaryUtil
U __cudaUnregisterFatBinary
0000000000000000 r fatbinData
U __fatbinwrap_57_tmpxft_0000422a_00000000_9_main_kernel_compute_52_cpp1_ii_335679f8
0000000000000000 r _ZL15__fatDeviceText
0000000000000000 b _ZL20__cudaFatCubinHandle
0000000000000010 b _ZL22__cudaPrelinkedFatbins
000000000000005b t _ZL26__cudaRegisterLinkedBinaryPK19__fatBinC_Wrapper_tPFvPPvES2_
0000000000000000 r _ZL87def_module_id_str_57_tmpxft_0000422a_00000000_9_main_kernel_compute_52_cpp1_ii_335679f8
0000000000000020 b _ZZ96__cudaRegisterLinkedBinary_57_tmpxft_0000422a_00000000_9_main_kernel_compute_52_cpp1_ii_335679f8E3__p
0000000000000030 b _ZZL26__cudaRegisterLinkedBinaryPK19__fatBinC_Wrapper_tPFvPPvES2_E16__callback_array
0000000000000028 b _ZZL26__cudaRegisterLinkedBinaryPK19__fatBinC_Wrapper_tPFvPPvES2_E3__i
main_kernel_h.o:
U cudaConfigureCall
U cudaLaunch
U __cudaRegisterFunction
U __cudaRegisterLinkedBinary_57_tmpxft_0000422a_00000000_9_main_kernel_compute_52_cpp1_ii_335679f8
U cudaSetupArgument
0000000000000000 r fatbinData
0000000000000000 D __fatbinwrap_57_tmpxft_0000422a_00000000_9_main_kernel_compute_52_cpp1_ii_335679f8
U _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
0000000000000000 r .LC0
00000000000000e0 T test_gpu
00000000000000d0 T _Z10testKernelPfi
0000000000000070 T _Z31__device_stub__Z10testKernelPfiPfi
0000000000000000 r _ZL15__module_id_str
0000000000000000 t _ZL22____nv_dummy_param_refPv
0000000000000000 t _ZL24__sti____cudaRegisterAllv
0000000000000010 t _ZL31__nv_cudaEntityRegisterCallbackPPv
0000000000000030 b _ZL32__nv_fatbinhandle_for_managed_rt
0000000000000020 b _ZZ31__device_stub__Z10testKernelPfiPfiE3__f
0000000000000010 b _ZZL22____nv_dummy_param_refPvE5__ref
0000000000000000 b _ZZL31__nv_cudaEntityRegisterCallbackPPvE5__ref
如果您想要我的确切命令,我还包括了用于构建对象的makefile;
该库的Makefile:
ARCH = -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \
-gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \
-gencode arch=compute_50,code=[sm_50,compute_50] \
-gencode arch=compute_52,code=[sm_52,compute_52]
VPATH=.
SLIB=libLib.so
ALIB=libLib.a
OBJDIR=../../build/test/bin-int/lib/
OUTDIR=../../build/test/bin/
# Base C-stuff
CC=gcc
CPP=g++
NVCC=nvcc
AR=ar
ARFLAGS=rcs
OPTS=-Ofast
LDFLAGS= -lm -pthread -lc
COMMON= -DEXT_SO
CFLAGS=-Wall -Wno-unused-result -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wfatal-errors
# OPTS=-O0 -g # <- Debug
CFLAGS+=$(OPTS)
# CUDA
COMMON+= -I/usr/local/cuda/include/
LDFLAGS+= -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -lcuda -lcudart -lcublas -lcurand
# CUDNN
LDFLAGS+= -lcudnn
# C-objects
OBJ=main.o
# CUDA-objects
# LDFLAGS+= -lstdc++ # <- Unsure if this is required
OBJ_CUDA=main_kernel.o
CUDA_HOST=main_kernel_h.o
OBJS = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR), $(OBJ))
OBJS_CUDA = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR), $(OBJ_CUDA))
OBJS_HOST = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR), $(CUDA_HOST))
DEPS = $(wildcard ./*.h) Makefile
# Build all steps
all: obj $(OBJS) $(OBJS_HOST) $(OBJS_CUDA) $(ALIB)
# Link static lib
$(ALIB): $(OBJS_CUDA) $(OBJS_HOST) $(OBJS)
$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $(OUTDIR)$@ $^
# Compile c
$(OBJDIR)%.o: %.c $(DEPS)
$(CC) $(COMMON) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
# Compile cuda-hostcode
$(OBJDIR)%_h.o: %.cu $(DEPS)
$(NVCC) $(ARCH) -c -rdc=true --compiler-options "$(CFLAGS)" $< -o $@
# Device Link device code
$(OBJDIR)%.o: $(OBJDIR)%_h.o $(DEPS)
$(NVCC) $(ARCH) -dlink -o $@ $< -lcuda -lcudart -lcublas -lcurand -lcudnn
obj:
mkdir -p $(OBJDIR)
.PHONY: clean
clean:
rm -rf $(OBJS) $(ALIB) $(OBJDIR)/*
对于尝试链接静态库的可执行文件:
VPATH=.
EXEC=Test
OBJDIR=../../build/test/bin-int/test/
OUTDIR=../../build/test/bin/
LIB=$(OUTDIR)libLib.a
# Base C-stuff
CC=gcc
CPP=g++
OPTS=-Ofast
LDFLAGS= -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -lcuda -lcudart -lcublas -lcurand -lcudnn -Wl,-rpath,'$$ORIGIN' -s
CFLAGS= -MMD -MP -DNDEBUG -DSTRIP_PYTHON -I../src -Wno-unused-result -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wfatal-errors
# OPTS=-O0 -g # <- Debug
CFLAGS+=$(OPTS)
# C-objects
OBJ=test.o
OBJS = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR), $(OBJ))
DEPS = $(wildcard ./*.h) Makefile
# Build all steps
all: obj $(EXEC)
# Link executable
$(EXEC): $(OBJS)
$(CC) $^ -o $(OUTDIR)$@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LIB)
# Compile c
$(OBJDIR)%.o: %.c $(DEPS)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
obj:
mkdir -p $(OBJDIR)
.PHONY: clean
clean:
rm -rf $(OBJS) $(OBJDIR)/*
希望您能帮助我找到我的错误。
答案 0 :(得分:0)
结果发现问题不在于静态库的编译,而在于所述库的链接。
通过更改为我解决了该问题:
# Link executable
$(EXEC): $(OBJS)
$(CC) $^ -o $(OUTDIR)$@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LIB)
进入:
# Link executable
$(EXEC): $(OBJS)
$(CC) $^ -o $(OUTDIR)$@ $(LIB) $(LDFLAGS)
在链接到$(LDFLAGS)中的CUDA库之前,静态lib(只是对象的集合)已与其他对象链接。
也为将来遇到此问题的任何人提供注释;不管这是否实际上导致错误,这似乎都取决于编译器的版本。