在matplotlib的单个历史图中添加水平线

时间:2019-03-04 21:29:24

标签: python matplotlib histogram

我要在一组条形图中的每个条形旁边绘制中间位置及其值。

给出matplotlib example

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


data = [[ 66386, 174296,  75131, 577908,  32015],
        [ 58230, 381139,  78045,  99308, 160454],
        [ 89135,  80552, 152558, 497981, 603535],
        [ 78415,  81858, 150656, 193263,  69638],
        [139361, 331509, 343164, 781380,  52269]]

columns = ('Freeze', 'Wind', 'Flood', 'Quake', 'Hail')
rows = ['%d year' % x for x in (100, 50, 20, 10, 5)]

values = np.arange(0, 2500, 500)
value_increment = 1000

# Get some pastel shades for the colors
colors = plt.cm.BuPu(np.linspace(0, 0.5, len(rows)))
n_rows = len(data)

index = np.arange(len(columns)) + 0.3
bar_width = 0.4

# Initialize the vertical-offset for the stacked bar chart.
y_offset = np.zeros(len(columns))

# Plot bars and create text labels for the table
cell_text = []
for row in range(n_rows):
    plt.bar(index, data[row], bar_width, bottom=y_offset, color=colors[row])
    y_offset = y_offset + data[row]
    cell_text.append(['%1.1f' % (x / 1000.0) for x in y_offset])
# Reverse colors and text labels to display the last value at the top.
colors = colors[::-1]
cell_text.reverse()

# Add a table at the bottom of the axes
the_table = plt.table(cellText=cell_text,
                      rowLabels=rows,
                      rowColours=colors,
                      colLabels=columns,
                      loc='bottom')

# Adjust layout to make room for the table:
plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.2, bottom=0.2)

plt.ylabel("Loss in ${0}'s".format(value_increment))
plt.yticks(values * value_increment, ['%d' % val for val in values])
plt.xticks([])
plt.title('Loss by Disaster')

plt.show()

我试图将其插入for循环中以创建小节

for row in range(n_rows):
    plt.bar(index, data[row], bar_width, bottom=y_offset, color=colors[row])
    med = np.median(data[row])
    xmin = row
    xmax= (row + 1)
    label = str(med) + "%"
    plt.hlines(med, xmin, xmax, label=label, linestyle="dashed")
    y_offset = y_offset + data[row]
    cell_text.append(['%1.1f' % (x / 1000.0) for x in y_offset])

但是行太长:如何获得条形宽度? 标签不显示,并且条形从单元格中心移开了!!

barplot

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

用于定位:

我对您的代码做了一些修改。 关键是bar会默认绘制居中的条形(请参阅docs总是有帮助),因此您需要将hlines的范围设置为中心-0.5 bar宽度到center + 0.5 bar宽度:

# Plot bars and create text labels for the table
cell_text = []
medians = []
for row in range(n_rows):
    plt.bar(index, data[row], bar_width, bottom=y_offset, color=colors[row])
    y_offset = y_offset + data[row]
    cell_text.append(['%1.1f' % (x / 1000.0) for x in y_offset])
    medians.append(np.median(data[row]))
# Reverse colors and text labels to display the last value at the top.
colors = colors[::-1]
cell_text.reverse()
# Draw the medians
h_width = 0.5 * bar_width
plt.hlines(medians, xmin=index-0.5*bar_width, xmax=index+0.5*bar_width, color="k", linestyle="dashed", linewidth=1)

这就是您得到的:

enter image description here

现在输入标签

如果将hlineslabel=label一起使用,您仍需要使用plt.legend()来绘制图例。

但是,问题是所有值都将出现在图例中,并且很难(即使不是不可能)将每个值关联到相应的行,尤其是当它们都具有相同的颜色时。更好的解决方案可能是将值放在每个虚线旁边。为此,您可以使用annotations

# add the annotations (just after the part from above)
for i, med in enumerate(medians):
    plt.annotate(str(med) + "%", xy=(index[i], med), 
                 ha='center', va='bottom'
            )

所以您最终得到:

enter image description here

 



希望能为您带来愉快的编码!