我是OpenCart的新手，我想将我的主题应用于OpenCart。
我知道我不应该直接编辑默认模板，但如何复制默认模板文件并更改它以应用主题？
答案 0 :(得分：31)
Balan，您可以先复制文件夹目录\ view \ theme \ default及其所有子文件夹文件等。
因此副本将是您的新主题。所以，假设您现在拥有这些文件夹
catalog\view\theme\default
catalog\view\theme\my-new-theme
转到管理员网站，然后选择系统＆gt;设置
在“商店”标签上，您应该看到选项“默认”和“我的新主题”作为名为“模板”字段的选项。选择“my-new-theme”并保存。
开始更改目录\ view \ theme \ my-new-theme下的文件，它们会立即显示
答案 1 :(得分：17)
在opencart中创建自定义主题：
Opencart使用回退功能，这意味着当opencart在您的主题中找不到某些模板时，它会在默认主题文件夹中找到。因此，要创建新主题，您无需从默认主题复制所有文件。但是，构建主题不仅仅是制作新的文件夹主题并改变它的颜色。在本教程中，我们将学习有关控制器和模型如何工作的基本知识，它与模板修改有关。
在继续之前，我想说清楚本教程中的主题是指主题文件夹（catalog / view / theme / mytheme）中的主题，模板是指模板文件夹中的.tpl文件（目录/视图） /主题/ yourtheme /模板）。
步骤1.构建“非常”基本主题
Create new folder mytheme on catalog/view/theme/, the folder tree will be like this:
catalog/view/theme/
|-> default
|-> mytheme
Now go to Admin -> System -> Setting - > Edit Store ->Tab Store -> template -> mytheme.
Refresh your frontpage. Maybe your site litle bit mess, but your new theme is work!! :)
第2步。基本主题
Make folder and copy some files from default theme, but DO NOT copy all files. Follow this folder tree:
catalog/view/theme/
|-> default
|-> mytheme
|-> image/*.* - copy all image
|-> stylesheet/*.* - copy all stylesheet
|-> template
|-> common
|-> header.tpl
Note:
We need to copy all the images because it's required by stylesheet.css.
We need to copy IE stylesheet since it's declared on header.tpl (remove the file when you removing the IE style at header.tpl)
We neet to copy slideshow.css and carousel.css since it's needed by opencart module.
Rating star image is hard-coded into Page: category, manufacturer_info, product, review, search, special; Module: bestseller, featured, latest, special. It's up to you whether including those module and page to your theme and used another rating image, or just replacing use default rating star image.
Now open header.tpl with text editor.
Search word default and replace with mytheme
Refresh your frontpage, and everything should be the same as when you used the default theme.
To get different visual like changing color etc, you can modificate mytheme/stylesheet/stylesheet.css
步骤3.自定义模板（1）：了解控制器
What template (*.tpl) is need to customize for a "good theme" ? Well, the answer is relative. In step 2 we already and only customizing the header.tpl. The most important rule to remember is never edit default theme template. Copy what you need to your theme folder, see example bellow.
catalog/view/theme/
|-> default
|-> mytheme
|-> image
|-> stylesheet
|-> template
|-> common
|-> header.tpl
|-> footer.tpl|-> information
|-> information.tpl|-> product
|-> product.tpl
|-> category.tpl
|-> manufacturer_list.tpl
To customizing template and work with the controller, you need to understand that opencart used push-based MVC model -CMIIW.
In quick explanation:
When you accessing route=product/category url, opencart call controller/product/category.php file.
This controller (ex. category.php) will decide which MV-L: Model, View (tpl), language will be load. In category controller (category.php) load:
3 Model (category, product, image): $this->load->model('...');
2 View (category.tpl & not_found.tpl): $this->template = '...';
1 Language: $this->language->load('...')
The controller also decide what data will be pushed into template and how user input will be processed.
$this->$this->data['text_price'] = $this->language->get('text_price'); will produce Price in template: <?php echo $text_price; ?>
When you change the product show (from 15 to 25) at frontpage, controller catch the request with if (isset($this->request->get['limit'])) { ... } then process it $this->data['limits'][] = array(... 'value' => 25, ...);
Remember that there is no fallback function for controller. If you modificate the controller file manually, it will be replaced when you upgrade the opencart. Instead modificate it manually, you can used vQmod to make "virtual modification". We will talk this on step 5.
步骤4.自定义模板（2）：了解模型
A Model in MVC in charge to pull and push data to database. Before controller get or post a data through model, the spesific model need to be loaded.
load model: $this->load->model('catalog/product');
get data: $this->model_catalog_product->getTotalProducts()
post data: $this->model_catalog_product->editProduct()
$this->load->model('catalog/product') tell the opencart to load model/catalog/product.php either in admin or catalog controller. getTotalProducts(), editProduct() is a function inside the model/catalog/product.php.
Now open model/catalog/product.php and find public function getProduct.
See list after return array, and you will found all product data.
The question is, if the getProduct() listed all product data, why it doesn't show at category page (frontpage)? This because the category controller decide not to show all data.
Open controller/product/category.php, find $this->data['products'][] = array to see what product data is used by controller.
步骤5.自定义模板（3）：了解vQmod
vQmod is a virtual modificate and usually used to make some change to non-fallback file like controller and model without modificating the default file.
You can download latest version and read further explanation about vQmod here.
To install vQmod, copy vqmod folder inside the package to opencart root.
yoursite
|-> admin
|-> catalog
|-> download
|-> image
|-> system
|-> vqmod
Go to your browser and access: http://localhost/yoursite/vqmod/install. You will see success message: vQmod has been installed on your system!
On the vQmod package, you will see folder docs and example to give you a refference how vQmod work. Here I will give you some quick refference:
vQmod File is an .xml file stored at vqmod/xml folder. When executed, the vQmod force opencart to use the modification instead the default file (original file) and produce cache file at vqmod/vqcache.
One vQmod File able to modificate multiple file; within one file, vQmod able to do multiple modificate operation.
Example structure inside a vQmod File:
<modification>
<id>vQmod File ID</id>
<version>1.0.0</version> --> vQmod File version
<vqmver>1.0.8</vqmver> --> minimum vQmod version to work
<author>your name</author>
<file name="catalog/controller/product/category.php "> --> the file to modify
<operation>
<search position="replace"><![CDATA[
search this code and replace it with code bellow
]]></search>
<add><![CDATA[
add this new code to replace code above
]]></add></operation>
<operation>
<search position="after"><![CDATA[
search this code and add code bellow after it
]]></search>
<add><![CDATA[
add this new code after code searched above
]]></add></operation></file>
<file name="...">
<operation>
<search position="before"><![CDATA[
search this code and add code bellow before it
]]></search>
<add><![CDATA[
add this new code before code searched above
]]></add></operation></file></modification>
答案 2 :(得分：2)
请记住，视图中的所有文件都以.tpl扩展名结尾。
tpl文件中的变量值来自各自的控制器。而控制器中的变量值来自模型，该模型从数据库中获取数据。
因此，如果对tpl文件中的变量名进行任何更改，也请更改相应控制器文件中的变量名。
答案 3 :(得分：1)
@JackLB - 您可以根据需要命名模板文件。无论如何，每个模板都在控制器文件中手动指定。
尝试在任何控制器文件中搜索.tpl，您将看到：
if (file_exists(DIR_TEMPLATE . $this->config->get('config_template') .
'/template/common/header.tpl')) {
$this->template = $this->config->get('config_template') .
'/template/common/header.tpl';
} else {
$this->template = 'default/template/common/header.tpl';
}
Opencart在自定义模板文件夹中搜索模板。如果未找到，则会回退到默认模板。如果未找到，将显示错误。
相应地更改位置路径。
但这更为复杂 - 为控制器/模板使用相同的命名。