我正在尝试通过子文档引用的属性来过滤文档。假设我已经为每个模式创建了模型。简化的模式如下:
const store = new Schema({
name: { type: String }
})
const price = new Schema({
price: { type: Number },
store: {
type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId,
ref: 'Store'
},
})
const product = new Schema({
name: {type: String},
prices: [{
type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId,
ref: 'Price'
}]
})
/*
Notation:
lowercase for schemas: product
uppercase for models: Product
*/
我尝试的第一种方法:
Product.find({'prices.store':storeId}).populate('prices')
,但是这不起作用,因为猫鼬不支持按子文档属性进行过滤。
我当前的方法是使用聚合框架。聚合的外观如下:
{
$unwind: '$prices'
},
{
$lookup: {
from: 'prices',
localField: 'prices',
foreignField: '_id',
as: 'prices'
}
},
{
$unwind: '$prices'
},
{
$lookup: {
from: 'stores',
localField: 'prices.store',
foreignField: '_id',
as: 'prices.store'
}
}, // populate
{
$match: {
'prices.store._id': new mongoose.Types.ObjectId(storeId)
}
}, // filter by store id
{ $group: { _id: '$id', doc: { $first: '$$ROOT' } } },
{ $replaceRoot: { newRoot: '$doc' } }
// Error occurs in $group & $replaceRoot
例如,在最后两个阶段之前,如果要保存的记录是:
{
name: 'Milk',
prices: [
{store: 1, price: 3.2},
{store: 2, price: 4.0}
]
}
然后返回汇总:(请注意,产品相同,但在不同结果中显示每个价格)
[
{
id: 4,
name: 'Milk',
prices: {
id: 10,
store: { _id: 1, name : 'Walmart' },
price: 3.2
}
},
{
id: 4,
name: 'Milk',
prices: {
id: 11,
store: { _id: 2, name : 'CVS' },
price: 4.0
},
}
]
为解决此问题,我添加了最后一部分:
{ $group: { _id: '$id', doc: { $first: '$$ROOT' } } },
{ $replaceRoot: { newRoot: '$doc' } }
但是最后一部分仅返回以下内容:
{
id: 4,
name: 'Milk',
prices: {
id: 10,
store: { _id: 1, name : 'Walmart' },
price: 3.2
}
}
现在prices
是一个对象,它应该是一个数组,并且应包含所有价格(本例中为2)。
问题
如何返回所有价格(以数组的形式),其中商店字段由storeId填充和过滤?
预期结果:
{
id: 4,
name: 'Milk',
prices: [
{
id: 10,
store: { _id: 1, name : 'Walmart' },
price: 3.2
},
{
id: 11,
store: { _id: 2, name : 'CVS' },
price: 4.0
}]
}
编辑
我想过滤包含给定商店价格的产品。它应该以所有价格返回产品。
答案 0 :(得分:0)
我并不完全相信您现有的管道是最佳的,但是如果没有样本数据来工作就很难说清楚。因此,从已有的工作着手:
var pipeline = [
// { $unwind: '$prices' }, // note: should not need this past MongoDB 3.0
{ $lookup: {
from: 'prices',
localField: 'prices',
foreignField: '_id',
as: 'prices'
}},
{ $unwind: '$prices' },
{ $lookup: {
from: 'stores',
localField: 'prices.store',
foreignField: '_id',
as: 'prices.store'
}},
// Changes from here
{ $unwind: '$prices.store' },
{ $match: {'prices.store._id': mongoose.Types.ObjectId(storeId) } },
{ $group: {
_id: '$_id',
name: { $first: '$name' },
prices: { $push: '$prices' }
}}
];
要点始于:
初始$unwind
-不需要。仅在非常早的MongoDB 3.0版本中,才需要在这些值上使用$lookup
之前$unwind
个值数组。
$unwind
之后的 $lookup
-如果期望“单个”对象匹配,则始终需要该字段,因为$lookup
始终返回一个数组。
$match
之后的 $unwind
-实际上是管道处理的“优化” ,实际上是< em>“过滤器” 。如果没有$unwind
,这只是在验证“那里有东西” ,但不会删除不匹配的项目。
$push
中的 $group
-这是重建"prices"
数组的实际部分。
您基本上缺少的要点是将$first
用于“整个文档”内容。您确实从未想要过,即使您不只是想要"name"
,也总是想$push
"prices"
。
实际上,您可能确实希望原始文档中的字段不只是name
,但实际上您应该使用以下格式。
自MongoDB 3.6起,大多数现代MongoDB版本都提供了替代方法,坦率地说,您至少应使用:
var pipeline = [
{ $lookup: {
from: 'prices',
let: { prices: '$prices' },
pipeline: [
{ $match: {
store: mongoose.Types.ObjectId(storeId),
$expr: { $in: [ '$_id', '$$prices' ] }
}},
{ $lookup: {
from: 'stores',
let: { store: '$store' },
pipeline: [
{ $match: { $expr: { $eq: [ '$_id', '$$store' ] } }
],
as: 'store'
}},
{ $unwind: '$store' }
],
as: 'prices'
}},
// remove results with no matching prices
{ $match: { 'prices.0': { $exists: true } } }
];
因此,首先要注意的是“外部” pipeline
实际上只是一个$lookup
阶段,因为它真正需要做的只是“加入” prices
采集。从加入原始集合的角度来看,这也是正确的,因为上面示例中的附加$lookup
实际上是从prices
与另一个集合相关的。
这正是此新表单的工作方式,因此,不要在结果数组上使用$unwind
,而是在联接之后仅 个匹配“价格”的项目“加入”到“商店”集合,并且在之前将它们返回到数组中。当然,由于与“商店”之间存在“一对一”关系,因此实际上$unwind
。
简而言之,此输出仅包含原始文档,其中包含"prices"
数组。因此,无需通过$group
进行重构,也无需混淆您使用的$first
和您的$push
。
注意:我对您的“过滤器存储”语句并试图匹配
store
集合中显示的"prices"
字段有点怀疑。即使您指定相等匹配,问题也会显示来自两个不同商店的预期输出。如果我怀疑您可能的意思是“商店清单” ,它将更像是:
store: { $in: storeList.map(store => mongoose.Types.ObjectId(store)) }
在这两种情况下,您将如何处理“字符串列表” ,请使用
$in
与“ list”进行匹配,并使用Array.map()
进行处理提供的列表,并分别返回ObjectId()
个值。提示:使用mongoose时,您使用的是“模型”而不是集合名称,实际的MongoDB集合名称通常是您注册的模型名称的复数形式。
因此,您不必为
$lookup
的实际集合名称进行“硬编码”,只需使用:Model.collection.name
.collection.name
是所有模型上的可访问属性,可以为您省去为$lookup
实际命名集合的麻烦。如果您通过更改MongoDB更改存储的集合名称的方式来更改mongoose.model()
实例注册,也可以保护您。
以下是一个独立的清单,展示了两种方法都可以正常工作,以及它们如何产生相同的结果:
const { Schema, Types: { ObjectId } } = mongoose = require('mongoose');
const uri = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/shopping';
const opts = { useNewUrlParser: true };
mongoose.set('useFindAndModify', false);
mongoose.set('useCreateIndex', true);
mongoose.set('debug', true);
const storeSchema = new Schema({
name: { type: String }
});
const priceSchema = new Schema({
price: { type: Number },
store: { type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Store' }
});
const productSchema = new Schema({
name: { type: String },
prices: [{ type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Price' }]
});
const Store = mongoose.model('Store', storeSchema);
const Price = mongoose.model('Price', priceSchema);
const Product = mongoose.model('Product', productSchema);
const log = data => console.log(JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 2));
(async function() {
try {
const conn = await mongoose.connect(uri, opts);
// Clean data
await Promise.all(
Object.entries(conn.models).map(([k, m]) => m.deleteMany())
);
// Insert working data
let [StoreA, StoreB, StoreC] = await Store.insertMany(
["StoreA", "StoreB", "StoreC"].map(name => ({ name }))
);
let [PriceA, PriceB, PriceC, PriceD, PriceE, PriceF]
= await Price.insertMany(
[[StoreA,1],[StoreB,2],[StoreA,3],[StoreC,4],[StoreB,5],[StoreC,6]]
.map(([store, price]) => ({ price, store }))
);
let [Milk, Cheese, Bread] = await Product.insertMany(
[
{ name: 'Milk', prices: [PriceA, PriceB] },
{ name: 'Cheese', prices: [PriceC, PriceD] },
{ name: 'Bread', prices: [PriceE, PriceF] }
]
);
// Test 1
{
log("Single Store - expressive")
const pipeline = [
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Price.collection.name,
'let': { prices: '$prices' },
'pipeline': [
{ '$match': {
'store': ObjectId(StoreA._id), // demo - it's already an ObjectId
'$expr': { '$in': [ '$_id', '$$prices' ] }
}},
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Store.collection.name,
'let': { store: '$store' },
'pipeline': [
{ '$match': { '$expr': { '$eq': [ '$_id', '$$store' ] } } }
],
'as': 'store'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$store' }
],
as: 'prices'
}},
{ '$match': { 'prices.0': { '$exists': true } } }
];
let result = await Product.aggregate(pipeline);
log(result);
}
// Test 2
{
log("Dual Store - expressive");
const pipeline = [
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Price.collection.name,
'let': { prices: '$prices' },
'pipeline': [
{ '$match': {
'store': { '$in': [StoreA._id, StoreB._id] },
'$expr': { '$in': [ '$_id', '$$prices' ] }
}},
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Store.collection.name,
'let': { store: '$store' },
'pipeline': [
{ '$match': { '$expr': { '$eq': [ '$_id', '$$store' ] } } }
],
'as': 'store'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$store' }
],
as: 'prices'
}},
{ '$match': { 'prices.0': { '$exists': true } } }
];
let result = await Product.aggregate(pipeline);
log(result);
}
// Test 3
{
log("Single Store - legacy");
const pipeline = [
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Price.collection.name,
'localField': 'prices',
'foreignField': '_id',
'as': 'prices'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$prices' },
// Alternately $match can be done here
// { '$match': { 'prices.store': StoreA._id } },
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Store.collection.name,
'localField': 'prices.store',
'foreignField': '_id',
'as': 'prices.store'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$prices.store' },
{ '$match': { 'prices.store._id': StoreA._id } },
{ '$group': {
'_id': '$_id',
'name': { '$first': '$name' },
'prices': { '$push': '$prices' }
}}
];
let result = await Product.aggregate(pipeline);
log(result);
}
// Test 4
{
log("Dual Store - legacy");
const pipeline = [
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Price.collection.name,
'localField': 'prices',
'foreignField': '_id',
'as': 'prices'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$prices' },
// Alternately $match can be done here
{ '$match': { 'prices.store': { '$in': [StoreA._id, StoreB._id] } } },
{ '$lookup': {
'from': Store.collection.name,
'localField': 'prices.store',
'foreignField': '_id',
'as': 'prices.store'
}},
{ '$unwind': '$prices.store' },
//{ '$match': { 'prices.store._id': { '$in': [StoreA._id, StoreB._id] } } },
{ '$group': {
'_id': '$_id',
'name': { '$first': '$name' },
'prices': { '$push': '$prices' }
}}
];
let result = await Product.aggregate(pipeline);
log(result);
}
} catch(e) {
console.error(e);
} finally {
mongoose.disconnect();
}
})()
哪个产生输出:
Mongoose: stores.deleteMany({}, {})
Mongoose: prices.deleteMany({}, {})
Mongoose: products.deleteMany({}, {})
Mongoose: stores.insertMany([ { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, name: 'StoreA', __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c, name: 'StoreB', __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54d, name: 'StoreC', __v: 0 } ], {})
Mongoose: prices.insertMany([ { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e, price: 1, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54f, price: 2, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550, price: 3, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f551, price: 4, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54d, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f552, price: 5, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f553, price: 6, store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54d, __v: 0 } ], {})
Mongoose: products.insertMany([ { prices: [ 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e, 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54f ], _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f554, name: 'Milk', __v: 0 }, { prices: [ 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550, 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f551 ], _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f555, name: 'Cheese', __v: 0 }, { prices: [ 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f552, 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f553 ], _id: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f556, name: 'Bread', __v: 0 } ], {})
"Single Store - expressive"
Mongoose: products.aggregate([ { '$lookup': { from: 'prices', let: { prices: '$prices' }, pipeline: [ { '$match': { store: 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, '$expr': { '$in': [ '$_id', '$$prices' ] } } }, { '$lookup': { from: 'stores', let: { store: '$store' }, pipeline: [ { '$match': { '$expr': { '$eq': [ '$_id', '$$store' ] } } } ], as: 'store' } }, { '$unwind': '$store' } ], as: 'prices' } }, { '$match': { 'prices.0': { '$exists': true } } } ], {})
[
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f554",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e",
"price": 1,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
],
"name": "Milk",
"__v": 0
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f555",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550",
"price": 3,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
],
"name": "Cheese",
"__v": 0
}
]
"Dual Store - expressive"
Mongoose: products.aggregate([ { '$lookup': { from: 'prices', let: { prices: '$prices' }, pipeline: [ { '$match': { store: { '$in': [ 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c ] }, '$expr': { '$in': [ '$_id', '$$prices' ] } } }, { '$lookup': { from: 'stores', let: { store: '$store' }, pipeline: [ { '$match': { '$expr': { '$eq': [ '$_id', '$$store' ] } } } ], as: 'store' } }, { '$unwind': '$store' } ], as: 'prices' } }, { '$match': { 'prices.0': { '$exists': true } } } ], {})
[
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f554",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e",
"price": 1,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54f",
"price": 2,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c",
"name": "StoreB",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
],
"name": "Milk",
"__v": 0
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f555",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550",
"price": 3,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
],
"name": "Cheese",
"__v": 0
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f556",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f552",
"price": 5,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c",
"name": "StoreB",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
],
"name": "Bread",
"__v": 0
}
]
"Single Store - legacy"
Mongoose: products.aggregate([ { '$lookup': { from: 'prices', localField: 'prices', foreignField: '_id', as: 'prices' } }, { '$unwind': '$prices' }, { '$lookup': { from: 'stores', localField: 'prices.store', foreignField: '_id', as: 'prices.store' } }, { '$unwind': '$prices.store' }, { '$match': { 'prices.store._id': 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b } }, { '$group': { _id: '$_id', name: { '$first': '$name' }, prices: { '$push': '$prices' } } } ], {})
[
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f555",
"name": "Cheese",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550",
"price": 3,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
]
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f554",
"name": "Milk",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e",
"price": 1,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
]
}
]
"Dual Store - legacy"
Mongoose: products.aggregate([ { '$lookup': { from: 'prices', localField: 'prices', foreignField: '_id', as: 'prices' } }, { '$unwind': '$prices' }, { '$match': { 'prices.store': { '$in': [ 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b, 5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c ] } } }, { '$lookup': { from: 'stores', localField: 'prices.store', foreignField: '_id', as: 'prices.store' } }, { '$unwind': '$prices.store' }, { '$group': { _id: '$_id', name: { '$first': '$name' }, prices: { '$push': '$prices' } } } ], {})
[
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f555",
"name": "Cheese",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f550",
"price": 3,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
]
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f556",
"name": "Bread",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f552",
"price": 5,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c",
"name": "StoreB",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
]
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f554",
"name": "Milk",
"prices": [
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54e",
"price": 1,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54b",
"name": "StoreA",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
},
{
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54f",
"price": 2,
"store": {
"_id": "5c7c79bcc78675135c09f54c",
"name": "StoreB",
"__v": 0
},
"__v": 0
}
]
}
]