打印从根到每个叶子的所有路径

时间:2019-03-01 14:58:55

标签: python algorithm tree

对于其中每个节点都具有以下元组的树:

(值,LeftNode,RightNode)

如何打印从根到每个叶子的所有价值链?

例如: (1,(2,(4,(7,无,无),无),(5,无,无)),(3,无,(6,无,无)))

它应该代表以下树:

Example tree

预期结果是:
[1,2,4,7]
[1,2,5]
[1,3,6]

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

似乎您正在尝试解决此问题:https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-tree-paths/

在这里,您可以简单地开始使用dfs探索树并在树中下降时存储值,并维护从根到当前节点的所有值的向量。处理完该节点后,只需从该向量中删除当前节点上的值即可。当我们到达叶子节点时,我们只需将vector中的值附加到答案中即可。

以下是在cpp中实现的代码供您参考:

/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
*     int val;
*     TreeNode *left;
*     TreeNode *right;
*     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
 public:
   void solve(TreeNode* root, vector<int>&values, vector<string>&ans) {
    if (root == NULL) return;
    if (root->left == NULL && root->right == NULL) {
        // leaf node
        string str = "";
        values.push_back(root->val);
        str += ::to_string(values[0]);
        for (int i = 1; i < values.size(); ++i) {
            str += "->";
            str += ::to_string(values[i]);
        }
        ans.push_back(str);
        values.pop_back();
        return;
    }
    values.push_back(root->val);
    solve(root->left, values, ans);
    solve(root->right, values, ans);
    values.pop_back();
  }
 vector<string> binaryTreePaths(TreeNode* root) {
    vector<int>values;
    vector<string>ans;
    solve(root,values,ans);
    return ans;
  }
};

答案 1 :(得分:0)

您可以将递归与生成器一起使用:

def get_paths(d, _c = []):
  val, _l, _r = d
  if _l is None and _r is None:
    yield [*_c, val]
  if _l is not None:
    yield from get_paths(_l, _c = _c+[val])
  if _r is not None:
    yield from get_paths(_r, _c = _c+[val])

print(list(get_paths((1,(2,(4,(7,None,None),None),(5, None, None)),(3,None,(6, None,None))))))

输出:

[[1, 2, 4, 7], [1, 2, 5], [1, 3, 6]]

答案 2 :(得分:0)

这是一个更具可读性的递归生成器:

def paths(node):
    if node is None:
        return
    val, *children = node
    if any(children):
        for child in children: 
            for path in paths(child):
                yield [val] + path
    else:
        yield [val]

>>> list(paths(root))
[[1, 2, 4, 7], [1, 2, 5], [1, 3, 6]]

这还有为带有任意数量子节点的节点工作的额外好处。