有人知道是否可以在同一单元测试中托管WebApplicationFactory<TStartop>()
的多个实例吗?
我已经尝试过并且似乎无法解决这一问题。
即
_client = WebHost<Startup>.GetFactory().CreateClient();
var baseUri = PathString.FromUriComponent(_client.BaseAddress);
_url = baseUri.Value;
_client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue(
"Bearer", "Y2E890F4-E9AE-468D-8294-6164C59B099Y");
WebHost
只是一个帮助器类,它使我可以轻松地在一行中建立工厂,然后建立一个客户。
在幕后,所有要做的就是这样:
new WebApplicationFactory<TStartup>()
,还有其他一些事情。
如果我能站在另一台Web服务器的另一个实例上来测试服务器到服务器的功能,那将很好。
有人知道这是否可行吗?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
与接受的答案相反,实际上,使用两个WebApplicationFactory
实例测试服务器到服务器的功能非常容易:
public class OrderAPIFactory : WebApplicationFactory<Order>
{
public OrderAPIFactory() { ... }
protected override void ConfigureWebHost(IWebHostBuilder builder) { ... }
}
public class BasketAPIFactory : WebApplicationFactory<BasketStartup>
{
public BasketAPIFactory() { ... }
protected override void ConfigureWebHost(IWebHostBuilder builder) { ... }
}
然后,您可以如下实例化自定义工厂:
[Fact]
public async Task TestName()
{
var orderFactory = new OrderAPIFactory();
var basketFactory = new BasketAPIFactory();
var orderHttpClient = orderFactory.CreateClient();
var basketHttpClient = basketFactory.CreateClient();
// you can hit eg an endpoint on either side that triggers server-to-server communication
var orderResponse = await orderHttpClient.GetAsync("api/orders");
var basketResponse = await basketHttpClient.GetAsync("api/basket");
}
我也不同意公认的答案,因为答案肯定是设计不好:它有用例。我公司的微服务基础结构依赖于data duplication across microservices并使用async messaging queue with integration events来确保数据一致性。不用说,消息传递功能起着核心作用,需要进行适当的测试。在这种情况下,此处描述的测试设置非常有用。例如,它使我们能够彻底测试发布消息时已关闭的服务如何处理消息:
[Fact]
public async Task DataConsistencyEvents_DependentServiceIsDown_SynchronisesDataWhenUp()
{
var orderFactory = new OrderAPIFactory();
var orderHttpClient = orderFactory.CreateClient();
// a new order is created which leads to a data consistency event being published,
// which is to be consumed by the BasketAPI service
var order = new Order { ... };
await orderHttpClient.PostAsync("api/orders", order);
// we only instantiate the BasketAPI service after the creation of the order
// to mimic downtime. If all goes well, it will still receive the
// message that was delivered to its queue and data consistency is preserved
var basketFactory = new BasketAPIFactory();
var basketHttpClient = orderFactory.CreateClient();
// get the basket with all ordered items included from BasketAPI
var basketResponse = await basketHttpClient.GetAsync("api/baskets?include=orders");
// check if the new order is contained in the payload of BasketAPI
AssertContainsNewOrder(basketResponse, order);
}
答案 1 :(得分:1)
可以在单个集成测试中托管WebApplicationFactory的多个通信实例。
假设我们有一个名为WebApplication
的主服务,它依赖于名为WebService
的实用程序服务,该服务使用名为HttpClient且名称为“ WebService”的应用程序。
这是集成测试的示例:
[Fact]
public async Task GetWeatherForecast_ShouldReturnSuccessResult()
{
// Create application factories for master and utility services and corresponding HTTP clients
var webApplicationFactory = new CustomWebApplicationFactory();
var webApplicationClient = webApplicationFactory.CreateClient();
var webServiceFactory = new WebApplicationFactory<Startup>();
var webServiceClient = webServiceFactory.CreateClient();
// Mock dependency on utility service by replacing named HTTP client
webApplicationFactory.AddHttpClient(clientName: "WebService", webServiceClient);
// Perform test request
var response = await webApplicationClient.GetAsync("weatherForecast");
// Assert the result
response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
var forecast = await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<WeatherForecast>>();
Assert.Equal(10, forecast.Count());
}
此代码要求实现CustomWebApplicationFactory
类:
// Extends WebApplicationFactory allowing to replace named HTTP clients
internal sealed class CustomWebApplicationFactory
: WebApplicationFactory<WebApplication.Startup>
{
// Contains replaced named HTTP clients
private ConcurrentDictionary<string, HttpClient> HttpClients { get; } =
new ConcurrentDictionary<string, HttpClient>();
// Add replaced named HTTP client
public void AddHttpClient(string clientName, HttpClient client)
{
if (!HttpClients.TryAdd(clientName, client))
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(
$"HttpClient with name {clientName} is already added");
}
}
// Replaces implementation of standard IHttpClientFactory interface with
// custom one providing replaced HTTP clients from HttpClients dictionary
protected override void ConfigureWebHost(IWebHostBuilder builder)
{
base.ConfigureWebHost(builder);
builder.ConfigureServices(services =>
services.AddSingleton<IHttpClientFactory>(
new CustomHttpClientFactory(HttpClients)));
}
}
最后,CustomHttpClientFactory
类是必需的:
// Implements IHttpClientFactory by providing named HTTP clients
// directly from specified dictionary
internal class CustomHttpClientFactory : IHttpClientFactory
{
// Takes dictionary storing named HTTP clients in constructor
public CustomHttpClientFactory(
IReadOnlyDictionary<string, HttpClient> httpClients)
{
HttpClients = httpClients;
}
private IReadOnlyDictionary<string, HttpClient> HttpClients { get; }
// Provides named HTTP client from dictionary
public HttpClient CreateClient(string name) =>
HttpClients.GetValueOrDefault(name)
?? throw new InvalidOperationException(
$"HTTP client is not found for client with name {name}");
}
示例的完整代码,您可以在这里找到:https://github.com/GennadyGS/AspNetCoreIntegrationTesting
这种方法的优点是:
这种方法的主要 可能是参与测试的服务(例如EFCore的不同主要版本)在现实世界场景中可能存在冲突的依赖关系,因为测试中使用的所有服务都在单个进程中运行。 有一些缓解此问题的方法。其中之一是将模块化方法应用于服务的实现,并根据配置文件在运行时加载模块。这可能允许替换测试中的配置文件,从加载中排除几个模块,并使用更简单的模拟替换丢失的服务。您可以在上面的示例存储库的“模块”分支中找到采用这种方法的示例。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
不。这是不可能的。 WebApplicationFactory
依靠xUnit的IClassFixture
,它必须在课程级别应用,这意味着您只能对苹果一口气。 WebApplicationFactory
本身可以针对每个测试进行自定义,可以满足大多数需要“不同”的用例的情况,但是这并不能帮助您同时需要两个完全独立的活动测试服务器。
但是,也就是说,您首先要的是不良的测试设计。测试的全部目的是消除变量,以便您实际上可以确保SUT的一部分正常工作。即使在集成测试环境中,您仍然只是在查看应用程序各部分之间的特定交互。有两台测试服务器相互配合,可以有效地将变量相乘,从而无法保证任何一方都能正常工作。