这是我要读取的数据文件：
# Magic number=03052015, 03 May 2015
# Single electron capture cross sections, nl state-selective
# Ne^9+ + H -> Ne^8+ + H^+
# Method=MCLZ
# Fname Lname et al. 2015, to be submitted
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Energy Cross sections (10^-16 cm^2)
# (eV/u) 6g(¹G) 6h(¹H) 6f(¹F) 6d(¹D) 6p(¹P) 6s(¹S) 5g(¹G) 5f(¹F) 5d(¹D) 5p(¹P) 5s(¹S) 4f(¹F) 4d(¹D) 4p(¹P) 4s(¹S) 3d(¹D) 3p(¹P) 3s(¹S) 2p(¹P) 2s(¹S) 1s(¹S) Total
1.000e-03 1.4776575e+02 1.7912626e+01 3.3462628e+02 1.9095364e+02 3.1276734e+01 6.2973301e+00 2.7468161e+00 2.3678743e-02 3.9230170e-09 8.1993422e-19 8.8673478e-24 1.5223718e-25 2.7018743e-34 4.8461238e-50 9.1037642e-59 1.4490583e-62 7.8949338e-74 3.7299268e-81 4.5993532e-83 5.4748211e-85 1.8820422e-85 7.3160285e+02
1.053e-03 1.4035132e+02 1.7013729e+01 3.1787085e+02 1.8143965e+02 2.9728031e+01 5.9865955e+00 2.6114108e+00 2.2513903e-02 3.7310299e-09 7.8009353e-19 8.4379868e-24 1.4486669e-25 2.5712078e-34 4.6122120e-50 8.6648019e-59 1.4192296e-62 7.7128879e-74 3.6383824e-81 4.3776881e-83 5.2109659e-85 1.8265794e-85 6.9502410e+02
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我正在阅读以作图。我需要从最后一条注释行中获取该图的标签。我正在读取文件两次：一次获取注释，再一次获取实际数据。
由于扩展了ascii或unicode字符，我在注释行上遇到了麻烦。在这里研究答案，我实现了一些解决方案来读取行而不会崩溃。但是，不是读上标“ 1”。有时其上标为“ 2”或“ 3”。
在图例中得到的结果是：6g（G），6h（H）等。
这是我的全部脚本：
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
This script was written to read a "cs" (cross section) file, which was generated by
"Stueckelberg", and plot it. It is intended to mimic the graphs produced by xmgrace.
$Id: plotcs.py,v 1.3 2019/02/27 02:08:30 micha Exp micha $
$Author: micha $
$Revision: 1.3 $
$Log: plotcs.py,v $
Revision 1.3 2019/02/27 02:08:30 micha
Added "-l" option to specify size of labels font.
Revision 1.2 2019/02/26 05:35:35 micha
Added ability to get label information from *.cs file. This data will be used for legends. Also included "-t" option to display title on plot. Title data is taken from *cs file in the header section.
Revision 1.1 2019/02/16 01:37:49 micha
Initial revision
"""
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import sys
import os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import ntpath
import argparse
import matplotlib
from matplotlib import rc
import io
import re
plt.rcParams["font.family"]="Times New Roman"
plt.rcParams.update({"font.family": "Times New Roman"})
plt.rc("font",serif="Times New Roman")
matplotlib.rcParams["xtick.direction"]="in"
matplotlib.rcParams["ytick.direction"]="in"
"""
usage: ./plotcs.py [-h] [-s str] [-l float] [-q] [-t] [-v] str
Plot MCLZ cross-sections.
positional arguments:
str Input file.
optional arguments:
-h, --help Show help message and exit.
-s str Save image file.
-l float Legend font size.
-q Quiet; do not display plot.
-t Title.
-v Verbose. Intended for debugging.
"""
def MainMenu(argv):
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Plot MCLZ cross-sections.",prog=sys.argv[0])
parser.add_argument("InFile",help="Input file.",type=argparse.FileType('r'),metavar="str",default=sys.stdin)
parser.add_argument("-s",help="Save image file.",type=str,metavar="str",dest="ImgFile")
parser.add_argument("-l",help="Legend font size.",type=float,metavar="float",dest="l")
parser.add_argument("-a",help="Axes font size.",type=float,metavar="float",dest="a")
parser.add_argument("-q",help="Quiet; do not display plot.",action="store_true",dest="quiet")
parser.add_argument("-t",help="Title.",action="store_true",dest="Title",default=False)
parser.add_argument("-v",help="Verbose. Intended for debugging.",action="store_true",dest="Verbose",default=False)
parser._actions[0].help="Show help message and exit."
args=parser.parse_args(None if argv else ["-h"])
if(args.Verbose):
for i in vars(args):
print("%s=%s"%(i,getattr(args,i)))
return args
"""
data contains columns x y_0 ... y_n
labels is a list of strings which correspond to the data columns.
title is a string that contains the title of the plot.
args contains what was specified on the command line.
This function builds a figure and a legend, which can be plotted or saved as
an image file.
"""
def MakeFig(data,labels,title,args):
rows=len(data)
cols=len(data[0])
xmin=min(data[:,0])
xmax=max(data[:,0])
fig=plt.figure(args.InFile.name)
fig.set_size_inches(16.0,9.0)
fig.set_dpi(120)
plt.style.use("classic")
# plt.style.use("default")
plt.plot(data[:,0],data[:,-1],'-',color="Black",label=labels[-1],linewidth=2.5)
color_idx=np.linspace(0,1,cols-2)
for i,j in zip(range(cols-2,0,-1),color_idx):
lab=re.sub(r"([a-z])(\d\d)",r"\g<1>^\g<2>",labels[i-1])
lab=re.sub(r"([a-z])(\d\()",r"\g<1>^\g<2>",lab)
lab=re.sub(r"(\d)([A-Z])",r"^\g<1>\\rm{\g<2>}",lab)
lab=re.sub(r"([¹²])([A-Z])",r"\g<1>\\rm{\g<2>}",lab)
plt.plot(data[:,0],data[:,i],'-',color=plt.cm.gist_rainbow(j),label='$'+lab+'$',linewidth=2.5)
# plt.title(args.InFile.name)
if(args.Title):
plt.title('$'+title+'$',fontsize=12)
plt.ylim(ymin=1e-6)
plt.xlim(xmin,xmax)
# plt.grid(which='major',linestyle='-',linewidth='0.3')
fontsize=12
if(args.a):
fontsize=args.a
plt.xlabel(r'energy (eV/u)',fontsize=fontsize)
plt.ylabel(r'cross section (10$^{-16}$ cm$^{2}$)',fontsize=fontsize)
plt.xscale('log',basex=10)
plt.yscale('log',basey=10)
# leg=plt.legend(loc=2,bbox_to_anchor=(1.005,1.00),frameon=False)
if(args.l):
fsize=args.l
else:
fsize="large"
if(cols>24 and cols<31):fsize="medium"
elif(cols>30 and cols<39):fsize="small"
elif(cols>38 and cols<43):fsize="x-small"
elif(cols>42 and cols<46):fsize="xx-small"
elif(cols>45 and cols<48): fsize=4
elif(cols>47):fsize=3
leg=plt.legend(loc=6,bbox_to_anchor=(1.0,0.50),frameon=False,fontsize=fsize)
return fig,leg
def main(argv):
matplotlib.rcParams['text.usetex']=True
matplotlib.rcParams['text.latex.unicode']=True
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
rc('font',**{'family':'serif','serif':['Times New Roman']})
rc('text', usetex=True)
args=MainMenu(argv)
#read it to get labels from comments
linenum=0
with io.open(args.InFile.name,encoding="utf-8",errors="ignore") as f:
for line in f:
if(linenum==2):
title=re.sub('^# ','',line).rstrip()
title=re.sub("\^(\w+)\+","^{\g<1>+}",title) # This puts brackets around the superscripts.
title=re.sub(r"(\w+)",r"\\rm{\g<1>}",title) # This puts "\rm{}" around the alphanums to remove formatting.
title=re.sub(r"->",r"\\rightarrow",title).replace(" ","") # This replaces "->" with "\rightarrow"
if(line.strip().startswith("# (eV/u)")):
# line=re.sub(r"([A-Z]+)",r"\\rm{\g<1>}",line)
labels=line.split()
linenum=linenum+1
f.close()
#load the data from input
data=np.loadtxt(args.InFile)
fig,leg=MakeFig(data,labels[2:],title,args)
if(args.quiet==False):
plt.show()
if(args.ImgFile):
fig.savefig(args.ImgFile,dpi=120,bbox_inches="tight")
if __name__=="__main__":
main(sys.argv[1:])
我希望结果图中的标签显示上标数字，就像它们在注释行中一样。 我希望图表上的文本字体为New Times Roman。但是无论我做什么，都不会改变。您可以看到我在代码中尝试过的一些东西（所有这些都是我从stackoverflow获得的解决方案）。但是它们都不起作用。