Question

我正在尝试使用以下结构单击元素：

parentElement.findElement(XPath of Child Element);

但是，这会抛出org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException。

我目前正在使用XPath：.//*[@id='savedCartViewForm']/div/div抓取（父）元素的列表。这将标识正确的元素列表（按预期工作）。列出列表后，我将应用该功能：

parentElement.findElement(By.xpath(XPath));

使用XPath：

.//input[contains(@aria-label,'Delete')]

和

.//input[contains(@value,'Delete')]

但是这会触发org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException。

我已经在SO上研究了几个小时，并根据几篇文章添加了“。”。在两个斜杠之前，这表示相对于父级（而不是相对于整个DOM）。

如果删除点，我总是会得到页面上的第一个元素-而不是列表中每个父元素的子元素。

HTML具有以下结构：

<form id="savedCartViewForm" action="/gp/cart/view.html/ref=ord_cart_shr?app-nav-type=none&dc=df" method="post">
  <input type="hidden" value="1" name="fromAUI" />
  <input type="hidden" value="4CPM1MKXXXXXZ" name="requestID" />
  <input type="hidden" value="15XXXXXX0" name="timeStamp" />
  <input type="hidden" value="gkAVhUvXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXAAAAFx2yhxAAA" name="token" />
  <div class="a-divider a-divider-section">
    <div class="a-row sc-list-head sc-java-remote-feature">
      <div class="a-row sc-list-body sc-java-remote-feature">
        <div class="a-row sc-list-item sc-list-item-border sc-java-remote-feature" data-quantity="4" data-price="8.99" data-previous-offer-id="ekOCOsC%2Bl7B8l5MNqXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXbBFS5rQm%2BDi9cGGpFufHEITXWAr6tAjIiPTFbZiXjZyIce7Y" data-outofstock="0"
          data-minquantity="1" data-itemtype="saved" data-itemislastpantryitem="0" data-itemid="S2e1cb5b5-ebb5-4e70-8474-c596d80bd99a" data-itemcategory="normal" data-item-count="1" data-isprimeasin="0" data-giftwrapped="0" data-giftable="0" data-encoded-offering="erF6bSsUaPN0XP13xfXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXYvWwmsZJ2HZwKuDJbLvjiR%2BI2CQAPyug7sPmmGV7DdJ"
          data-best-offer-id="erF6bSsUaPN0XP13xfsXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXwmsZJ2HZwKuDJbLvjiR%2OezFaQg7sPmmGV7DdJ" data-asin="B0742J1KYD">
          <div class="sc-list-item-spinner" style="display:none;">
            <div class="sc-list-item-overwrap" style="display:none;" />
            <div class="sc-list-item-removed-msg a-padding-medium" style="display:none;">
              <div class="sc-list-item-content">
                <div class="a-row a-spacing-base a-spacing-top-base">
                  <div class="a-column a-span10">
                    <div class="a-fixed-left-grid">
                      <div class="a-fixed-left-grid-inner" style="padding-left:115px">
                        <div class="a-fixed-left-grid-col a-float-left a-col-left" style="width:115px;margin-left:-115px;float:left;">
                          <div class="a-fixed-left-grid-col a-col-right" style="padding-left:0%;float:left;">
                            <ul class="a-unordered-list a-nostyle a-vertical a-spacing-mini">
                              <div class="a-row sc-action-links">
                                <span class="a-size-small sc-action-delete">
<span class="a-declarative" data-sc-item-action="{"itemID":"S2e1cbXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXd80b9a","itemType":"saved","isWishListItem":0,"action":"delete","isFresh":0}" data-action="sc-item-action">
<input type="submit" aria-label="Delete MENSI Outdoor Patio Heater M6*0.75 Head Thread With M8X1 End Connection Nuts Thermocouple 410mm" value="Delete" name="submit.delete.S2XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0bd99a"/>
</span>
                                </span>
                                <i class="a-icon a-icon-text-separator" aria-label="|" role="img" />
                                <span class="a-size-small sc-action-add-best-offer sc-invisible-when-no-js">
<input class="wl-refdata" type="hidden" value="true" name="isSelectedForCheckout"/>
<i class="a-icon a-icon-text-separator" aria-label="|" role="img"/>
<span class="a-size-small sc-action-move-to-wishlist sc-invisible-when-no-js">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="a-column a-span2 a-text-left a-span-last">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="a-row sc-list-item sc-list-item-border sc-java-remote-feature" data-quantity="8" data-price="7.37" data-outofstock="0" data-minquantity="1" data-itemtype="saved" data-itemislastpantryitem="0" data-itemid="See02cb-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXc5" data-itemcategory="normal" data-item-count="2" data-isprimeasin="0" data-giftwrapped="0" data-giftable="0" data-encoded-offering="MzgFwAMDc3XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX4bqRzg7IzfFp%2B%2BDg%2BAYyl4X" data-asin="B004DYKIH4">
<div class="sc-list-item-spinner" style="display:none;">
<div class="sc-list-item-overwrap" style="display:none;"/>
<div class="sc-list-item-removed-msg a-padding-medium" style="display:none;">
<div class="sc-list-item-content">
<div class="a-row a-spacing-base a-spacing-top-base">
<div class="a-column a-span10">
<div class="a-fixed-left-grid">
<div class="a-fixed-left-grid-inner" style="padding-left:115px">
<div class="a-fixed-left-grid-col a-float-left a-col-left" style="width:115px;margin-left:-115px;float:left;">
<div class="a-fixed-left-grid-col a-col-right" style="padding-left:0%;float:left;">
<ul class="a-unordered-list a-nostyle a-vertical a-spacing-mini">
<div class="a-row sc-action-links">
<span class="a-size-small sc-action-delete">
<span class="a-declarative" data-sc-item-action="{"itemID":"SeccXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXd441c5","itemType":"saved","isWishListItem":0,"action":"delete","isFresh":0}" data-action="sc-item-action">
<input type="submit" aria-label="Delete Bit Adapter - 1/4" to 1/4" - Turn Any Ratchet Into a Driver! Now with Quick-Change By Pro Tools" value="Delete" name="submit.delete.SeccXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX5"/>
</span>
                                </span>
                                <i class="a-icon a-icon-text-separator" aria-label="|" role="img" />
                                <span class="a-size-small sc-action-move-to-cart">
<input class="wl-refdata" type="hidden" value="B003IXYJYO" name="creativeAsin"/>
<input class="wl-refdata" type="hidden" value="5BD74XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX68" name="assocToken"/>
<input class="wl-refdata" type="hidden" value="xsc" name="linkCode"/>
<input class="wl-refdata" type="hidden" value="true" name="isSelectedForCheckout"/>
<i class="a-icon a-icon-text-separator" aria-label="|" role="img"/>
<span class="a-size-small sc-action-move-to-wishlist sc-invisible-when-no-js">
<i class="a-icon a-icon-text-separator" aria-label="|" role="img"/>
<span id="comparison-lite-modal-B004DYKIH4" class="a-declarative" data-a-modal="{"cache":"0","hideHeader":"true","width":"80%","ajaxFailMsg":"We\u2019re sorry, an error has occurred. Please try again.","url":"/compare/product/B004DYKIH4/ref=psdc_sXXXXB004DYKIH4?viewType=sfl","height":"570"}" data-action="a-modal">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="a-column a-span2 a-text-left a-span-last">
</div>
</div>
</div>

根据我在SO上阅读的所有内容，上面的XPath应该可以工作。是什么导致此异常？

谢谢

更新：以下是我所依赖的一些参考资料：

Locating child nodes of WebElements in selenium

WebElement.FindElement(By.XPath) returns element not relative to parent but to the document

How to get all descendants of an element using webdriver?

Answer 1

我将XPath更新为：

/descendant::input[@value = 'Delete']

我现在能够识别正确的元素。但是，我仍然不清楚为什么原来的XPath不能正常工作，而这个为什么可以工作-因为根据几篇文章，我读到的'//'是后代或self和的简写。添加，以便相对于父元素开始搜索。因此原因对我来说仍然没有意义。

如果某人可以提供带有解释的最新答案，我将选择该答案作为问题的答案，而不是我自己的答案。

Answer 2

在下面使用CSS选择器而不是xpath尝试代码。

List<WebElement> rows = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("#savedCartViewForm .a-row"));
rows.forEach(row -> {
    WebElement deleteButton = row.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[value = 'Delete']"));
    System.out.println(deleteButton.getAttribute("aria-label"));
});

使用xpath：

List<WebElement> rows = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//form[@id = 'savedCartViewForm']//div[contains(@class, 'a-row')]"));
rows.forEach(row -> {
    WebElement deleteButton = row.findElement(By.xpath(".//input[@value = 'Delete']"));
    System.out.println(deleteButton.getAttribute("aria-label"));
});

Answer 3

这是硒变得复杂的地方之一。 Xpath功能取决于几件事。

某些浏览器具有本机Xpath支持，而有些则没有（假设这总是随时更改）。
某些驱动程序使用本机浏览器实现，而某些则不使用（假定这总是随时更改）。
如果由于某种原因不支持本地硒，Selenium将退回到 Wicked Good Xpath支持。

对于不同的浏览器和不同的驱动程序二进制版本，您现在可能具有不同的功能。出于此答案的目的，我们假设所有本机实现均符合100％规范。

如果遇到的驱动程序二进制/浏览器版本回溯到Wicked Good Xpath，则它并不完全符合100％规范，您可能会看到此错误：

https://github.com/google/wicked-good-xpath/issues/43

现在要记住，Selenium使用了Wicked good Xpath的分叉版本，因此它可能与上面的有所不同。历史上//在Selenium世界中并不意味着后代或自己，它意味着搜索整个DOM。 Wicked Good Xpath的当前Selenium实现可在以下位置获得：

https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/tree/07a18746ff756e90fd79ef253a328bd7dfa9e6dc/third_party/js/wgxpath

由于您已经解决了问题，解决方案是“后代或自行”，但是由于速记版本“ //”在Wicked Good XPath中意味着其他功能，因此您没有得到预期的结果。

TL; DR;

为Selenium测试构建Xpath时不要使用Xpath速记。

硒：无法从父级提取子级元素

3 个答案: