我正在Scala做一些工作人员,遇到implicit
实例的问题。让我们考虑以下示例:
import cats.{Applicative, FlatMap, Monad}
import cats.syntax.functor._
import cats.syntax.flatMap._
import cats.syntax.applicative._
class Test[F[_]: Monad] extends App{
val t1 = ().pure[F]
val t2 = ().pure[F]
def testFlatApplicative: F[Unit] =
for{
_ <- t1
_ <- t2
} yield ()
}
这可以编译。但是由于cats.Monad[F[_]]
的声明如下:
@typeclass trait Monad[F[_]] extends FlatMap[F] with Applicative[F]
我希望以下内容也能正常工作
import cats.{Applicative, FlatMap, Monad}
import cats.syntax.functor._
import cats.syntax.flatMap._
import cats.syntax.applicative._
class Test[F[_]: FlatMap : Applicative] extends App{
val t1 = ().pure[F]
val t2 = ().pure[F]
def testFlatApplicative: F[Unit] =
for{
_ <- t1
_ <- t2
} yield ()
}
但是它无法编译并显示错误:
Error:(16, 12) value map is not a member of type parameter F[Unit]
_ <- t2
这很奇怪。 Apply
扩展了Functor
...
任何人都可以解释这种行为吗?
答案 0 :(得分:5)
class Test[F[_] : FlatMap : Applicative]
被减为
class Test[F[_]](implicit flatMap: FlatMap[F], applicative: Applicative[F])
如果您对理解和语法不满意,则会发现问题:
def testFlatApplicative: F[Unit] =
FlatMap[F].flatMap(t1)(_ =>
Functor[F].map(t2)(_ => ())
)
Error: ambiguous implicit values:
both value applicative in class Test of type cats.Applicative[F]
and value flatMap in class Test of type cats.FlatMap[F]
match expected type cats.Functor[F]
因此您可以手动解决歧义:
def testFlatApplicative: F[Unit] =
FlatMap[F].flatMap(t1)(_ =>
applicative.map(t2)(_ => ())
)
或
def testFlatApplicative: F[Unit] =
FlatMap[F].flatMap(t1)(_ =>
flatMap.map(t2)(_ => ())
)
写class Test[F[_]: Monad]
时没有这种问题,因为您只有一个隐式。