我开始将我的一些Matlab脚本翻译成Julia，并尝试比较性能。在这里，我遇到了一个看似简单的问题，但没有通过快速搜索找到答案。当我从控制台运行Julia脚本时，即键入“ julia test_FAS2SA.jl”，它将在屏幕上显示“ 3.116226秒”，几乎是相应的matlab脚本运行时间的30倍。
然后，我进入julia环境并键入“ include（“ test_FAS2SA.jl”）“，它显示“ 1.368429秒”。但是，当我只键入“ @time SA，PF = FAS2SA（FAS1，f_FAS，10.0，f_SA，0.05）;”时，它会显示“ 0.033920秒”。我想知道函数FAS2SA的实际运行时间是多少，并且会打印不同的时间。
我的平台是Windows 7专业版Julia 1.10。脚本“ test_FAS2SA.jl”和输入文件粘贴如下。
# test JuliaFunc
using DelimitedFiles
# import Pkg; Pkg.add("time")
using QuadGK
function getH_SDF(D,fn,freq)
# PURPOSE
# get transfer function of a SDOF oscilator
# acc response to acc excitation
# INPUT
# D - damping ratio
# fn - fundamental frequency of the SDOF (Hz)
# freq - frequency array (Hz)
# OUTPUT
# absH - Amplitude of the transfer function
N=length(freq)
H=complex(zeros(N))
for i=1:N
f=freq[i]
H[i]=(-fn^2)/((f^2-fn^2)-(2*f*fn*D*1im))
end
return abs.(H)
end
function trapz(x, y)
# Trapezoidal integration rule
local n = length(x)
if (length(y) != n)
error("Vectors 'x', 'y' must be of same length")
end
r = 0.0
if n == 1; return r; end
for i in 2:n
r += (x[i] - x[i-1]) * (y[i] + y[i-1])
end
#= correction -h^2/12 * (f'(b) - f'(a))
ha = x[2] - x[1]
he = x[end] - x[end-1]
ra = (y[2] - y[1]) / ha
re = (y[end] - y[end-1]) / he
r/2 - ha*he/12 * (re - ra)
=#
return r/2
end
function getmoment(Y,f,n)
N=length(Y)
S=zeros(N)
for i=1:N
S[i]=(2.0*pi*f[i])^n*Y[i]^2
end
return 2.0*trapz(f,S)
end
function getXmax(Y,F,T_rms)
moment0=getmoment(Y,F,0)
moment2=getmoment(Y,F,2)
moment4=getmoment(Y,F,4)
Y_rms=(moment0/T_rms)^0.5 # rms value
Ne=1.0/pi*(moment4/moment2)^0.5*T_rms # number of extrema
xi=(moment2^2/moment0/moment4)^0.5 # number of width
#temp=(2*log(xi*Ne))^0.5
#PF(i)=temp+0.5772/temp
Func(x)=1-(1-xi*exp(-x^2))^Ne
#Fun=@(x) 1-(1-xi.*exp(-x.^2)).^Ne
Tmp,e = QuadGK.quadgk(Func,0,Inf)
PF = sqrt(2.0)*Tmp
Ymax=PF*Y_rms
return Ymax
end
function FAS2SA(FAS,F,T_gm,freq, damping)
# INPUT
# FAS - Fourier Amplitude Spectrum
# F - Frquency array corresponding FAS (Hz)
# T_gm - ground motion duration (sec)
# freq - fundametnal frequency of SDOF oscilator (Hz)
# damping - damping ratio of SDOF oscilator
# OUTPUT
# SA - Spectral acceleration (g)
# PF - Peak Factor
n_T=length(freq)
SA=zeros(n_T)
PF=zeros(n_T)
for i=1:n_T
H=getH_SDF(damping,freq[i],F) # get transfer function of SDOF oscilator
Y=FAS.*H # FAS of acc response of oscilator
Tn=1.0/freq[i] # fundamantal period
T0=Tn/2.0/pi/damping #oscilator duration
gamma=T_gm/Tn
n_val=3.0
alpha=1.0 / 3.0
T_rms=T_gm+T0*(gamma^n_val/(gamma^n_val+alpha)) # total duration
moment0=getmoment(Y,F,0)
moment2=getmoment(Y,F,2)
moment4=getmoment(Y,F,4)
Y_rms=(moment0/T_rms)^0.5 # rms value
Ne=1/pi*(moment4/moment2)^0.5*T_gm # number of extrema
# note that here use T_gm not T_rms (Refer to Boore and Joyer, 1984)
xi=(moment2^2/moment0/moment4)^0.5 # number of width
#temp=(2*log(xi*Ne))^0.5
#PF(i)=temp+0.5772/temp
Fun(x)= 1-(1-xi*exp(-x^2))^Ne
Q_tmp,e_tmp = QuadGK.quadgk(Fun,0,Inf)
PF1 = 2^0.5*Q_tmp
Ymax=PF1*Y_rms
SA[i]=Ymax
PF[i]=PF1
end
return (SA,PF)
end
T=readdlm("period.dat")
f_SA=1.0 ./ T
#println(vs)
FAS=readdlm("FAS.dat")
f_FAS=FAS[:,1]
FAS1=FAS[:,2]
println(@time SA,PF=FAS2SA(FAS1,f_FAS,10.0,f_SA, 0.05))
文件“ period.dat”
0.01
0.01103674
0.012180962
0.01344381
0.014837583
0.016375854
0.018073604
0.019947366
0.022015388
0.024297811
0.026816861
0.029597071
0.032665516
0.036052079
0.039789741
0.043914901
0.048467732
0.053492574
0.05903836
0.065159101
0.071914402
0.079370053
0.08759866
0.096680359
0.106703594
0.117765978
0.129975243
0.14345029
0.158322349
0.174736253
0.192851851
0.212845565
0.234912106
0.259266373
0.286145543
0.315811383
0.348552798
0.384688645
0.424570838
0.468587776
0.517168124
0.570784988
0.629960525
0.695271024
0.76735252
0.84690699
0.934709187
1.031614184
1.138565706
1.256605315
1.386882557
1.530666156
1.689356369
1.864498624
2.057798569
2.271138684
2.506596612
2.766465394
3.053275801
3.369820977
3.719183643
4.104766118
4.530323453
5
文件“ FAS.dat”
5.00E-02 7.29E-03
5.03E-02 7.38E-03
5.07E-02 7.46E-03
5.10E-02 7.55E-03
5.14E-02 7.63E-03
5.17E-02 7.72E-03
5.21E-02 7.81E-03
5.24E-02 7.90E-03
5.28E-02 7.99E-03
5.31E-02 8.08E-03
5.35E-02 8.17E-03
5.39E-02 8.27E-03
5.42E-02 8.36E-03
5.46E-02 8.46E-03
5.50E-02 8.55E-03
5.53E-02 8.65E-03
5.57E-02 8.75E-03
5.61E-02 8.84E-03
5.65E-02 8.94E-03
5.68E-02 9.04E-03
5.72E-02 9.14E-03
5.76E-02 9.24E-03
5.80E-02 9.35E-03
5.84E-02 9.45E-03
5.88E-02 9.55E-03
5.92E-02 9.66E-03
5.96E-02 9.76E-03
6.00E-02 9.87E-03
6.04E-02 9.98E-03
6.08E-02 1.01E-02
6.12E-02 1.02E-02
6.16E-02 1.03E-02
6.21E-02 1.04E-02
6.25E-02 1.05E-02
6.29E-02 1.06E-02
6.33E-02 1.08E-02
6.38E-02 1.09E-02
6.42E-02 1.10E-02
6.46E-02 1.11E-02
6.51E-02 1.12E-02
6.55E-02 1.13E-02
6.59E-02 1.15E-02
6.64E-02 1.16E-02
6.68E-02 1.17E-02
6.73E-02 1.18E-02
6.78E-02 1.19E-02
6.82E-02 1.21E-02
6.87E-02 1.22E-02
6.91E-02 1.23E-02
6.96E-02 1.24E-02
7.01E-02 1.26E-02
7.06E-02 1.27E-02
7.10E-02 1.28E-02
7.15E-02 1.30E-02
7.20E-02 1.31E-02
7.25E-02 1.32E-02
7.30E-02 1.33E-02
7.35E-02 1.35E-02
7.40E-02 1.36E-02
7.45E-02 1.37E-02
7.50E-02 1.39E-02
7.55E-02 1.40E-02
7.60E-02 1.42E-02
7.65E-02 1.43E-02
7.70E-02 1.44E-02
7.76E-02 1.46E-02
7.81E-02 1.47E-02
7.86E-02 1.49E-02
7.91E-02 1.50E-02
7.97E-02 1.51E-02
8.02E-02 1.53E-02
8.08E-02 1.54E-02
8.13E-02 1.56E-02
8.19E-02 1.57E-02
8.24E-02 1.59E-02
8.30E-02 1.60E-02
8.35E-02 1.62E-02
8.41E-02 1.63E-02
8.47E-02 1.65E-02
8.52E-02 1.66E-02
8.58E-02 1.68E-02
8.64E-02 1.69E-02
8.70E-02 1.71E-02
8.76E-02 1.72E-02
8.82E-02 1.74E-02
8.88E-02 1.75E-02
8.94E-02 1.77E-02
9.00E-02 1.78E-02
9.06E-02 1.80E-02
9.12E-02 1.81E-02
9.18E-02 1.83E-02
9.24E-02 1.85E-02
9.31E-02 1.86E-02
9.37E-02 1.88E-02
9.43E-02 1.89E-02
9.50E-02 1.91E-02
9.56E-02 1.92E-02
9.63E-02 1.94E-02
9.69E-02 1.96E-02
9.76E-02 1.97E-02
9.82E-02 1.99E-02
9.89E-02 2.01E-02
9.96E-02 2.02E-02
1.00E-01 2.04E-02
1.01E-01 2.05E-02
1.02E-01 2.07E-02
1.02E-01 2.09E-02
1.03E-01 2.10E-02
1.04E-01 2.12E-02
1.04E-01 2.14E-02
1.05E-01 2.15E-02
1.06E-01 2.17E-02
1.07E-01 2.19E-02
1.07E-01 2.20E-02
1.08E-01 2.22E-02
1.09E-01 2.24E-02
1.09E-01 2.25E-02
1.10E-01 2.27E-02
1.11E-01 2.29E-02
1.12E-01 2.30E-02
1.12E-01 2.32E-02
1.13E-01 2.34E-02
1.14E-01 2.36E-02
1.15E-01 2.37E-02
1.16E-01 2.39E-02
1.16E-01 2.41E-02
1.17E-01 2.42E-02
1.18E-01 2.44E-02
1.19E-01 2.46E-02
1.19E-01 2.48E-02
1.20E-01 2.49E-02
1.21E-01 2.51E-02
1.22E-01 2.53E-02
1.23E-01 2.54E-02
1.24E-01 2.56E-02
1.24E-01 2.58E-02
1.25E-01 2.60E-02
1.26E-01 2.61E-02
1.27E-01 2.63E-02
1.28E-01 2.65E-02
1.29E-01 2.66E-02
1.30E-01 2.68E-02
1.30E-01 2.70E-02
1.31E-01 2.72E-02
1.32E-01 2.73E-02
1.33E-01 2.75E-02
1.34E-01 2.77E-02
1.35E-01 2.79E-02
1.36E-01 2.80E-02
1.37E-01 2.82E-02
1.38E-01 2.84E-02
1.39E-01 2.85E-02
1.40E-01 2.87E-02
1.40E-01 2.89E-02
1.41E-01 2.91E-02
1.42E-01 2.92E-02
1.43E-01 2.94E-02
1.44E-01 2.96E-02
1.45E-01 2.97E-02
1.46E-01 2.99E-02
1.47E-01 3.01E-02
1.48E-01 3.03E-02
1.49E-01 3.04E-02
1.50E-01 3.06E-02
1.51E-01 3.08E-02
1.52E-01 3.09E-02
1.53E-01 3.11E-02
1.54E-01 3.13E-02
1.55E-01 3.14E-02
1.57E-01 3.16E-02
1.58E-01 3.18E-02
1.59E-01 3.20E-02
1.60E-01 3.21E-02
1.61E-01 3.23E-02
1.62E-01 3.24E-02
1.63E-01 3.26E-02
1.64E-01 3.27E-02
1.65E-01 3.29E-02
1.66E-01 3.30E-02
1.67E-01 3.32E-02
1.69E-01 3.34E-02
1.70E-01 3.35E-02
1.71E-01 3.37E-02
1.72E-01 3.38E-02
1.73E-01 3.39E-02
1.74E-01 3.41E-02
1.76E-01 3.42E-02
1.77E-01 3.44E-02
1.78E-01 3.45E-02
1.79E-01 3.47E-02
1.80E-01 3.48E-02
1.82E-01 3.50E-02
1.83E-01 3.51E-02
1.84E-01 3.53E-02
1.85E-01 3.54E-02
1.87E-01 3.56E-02
1.88E-01 3.57E-02
1.89E-01 3.58E-02
1.90E-01 3.60E-02
1.92E-01 3.61E-02
1.93E-01 3.63E-02
1.94E-01 3.64E-02
1.96E-01 3.65E-02
1.97E-01 3.67E-02
1.98E-01 3.68E-02
2.00E-01 3.69E-02
2.01E-01 3.71E-02
2.02E-01 3.72E-02
2.04E-01 3.73E-02
2.05E-01 3.75E-02
2.06E-01 3.76E-02
2.08E-01 3.77E-02
2.09E-01 3.79E-02
2.11E-01 3.80E-02
2.12E-01 3.81E-02
2.14E-01 3.83E-02
2.15E-01 3.84E-02
2.16E-01 3.85E-02
2.18E-01 3.87E-02
2.19E-01 3.88E-02
2.21E-01 3.89E-02
2.22E-01 3.90E-02
2.24E-01 3.92E-02
2.25E-01 3.93E-02
2.27E-01 3.94E-02
2.28E-01 3.95E-02
2.30E-01 3.97E-02
2.32E-01 3.98E-02
2.33E-01 3.99E-02
2.35E-01 4.00E-02
2.36E-01 4.01E-02
2.38E-01 4.03E-02
2.40E-01 4.04E-02
2.41E-01 4.05E-02
2.43E-01 4.06E-02
2.44E-01 4.07E-02
2.46E-01 4.09E-02
2.48E-01 4.10E-02
2.49E-01 4.11E-02
2.51E-01 4.12E-02
2.53E-01 4.13E-02
2.55E-01 4.14E-02
2.56E-01 4.16E-02
2.58E-01 4.17E-02
2.60E-01 4.18E-02
2.61E-01 4.19E-02
2.63E-01 4.20E-02
2.65E-01 4.21E-02
2.67E-01 4.22E-02
2.69E-01 4.23E-02
2.70E-01 4.24E-02
2.72E-01 4.25E-02
2.74E-01 4.27E-02
2.76E-01 4.28E-02
2.78E-01 4.29E-02
2.80E-01 4.30E-02
2.82E-01 4.31E-02
2.84E-01 4.32E-02
2.85E-01 4.33E-02
2.87E-01 4.34E-02
2.89E-01 4.35E-02
2.91E-01 4.36E-02
2.93E-01 4.37E-02
2.95E-01 4.38E-02
2.97E-01 4.39E-02
2.99E-01 4.40E-02
3.01E-01 4.41E-02
3.03E-01 4.42E-02
3.05E-01 4.43E-02
3.07E-01 4.44E-02
3.10E-01 4.45E-02
3.12E-01 4.46E-02
3.14E-01 4.47E-02
3.16E-01 4.48E-02
3.18E-01 4.49E-02
3.20E-01 4.50E-02
3.22E-01 4.51E-02
3.25E-01 4.52E-02
3.27E-01 4.53E-02
3.29E-01 4.54E-02
3.31E-01 4.55E-02
3.33E-01 4.56E-02
3.36E-01 4.57E-02
3.38E-01 4.58E-02
3.40E-01 4.59E-02
3.43E-01 4.59E-02
3.45E-01 4.60E-02
3.47E-01 4.61E-02
3.50E-01 4.62E-02
3.52E-01 4.63E-02
3.54E-01 4.64E-02
3.57E-01 4.65E-02
3.59E-01 4.66E-02
3.62E-01 4.67E-02
3.64E-01 4.68E-02
3.66E-01 4.69E-02
3.69E-01 4.69E-02
3.71E-01 4.70E-02
3.74E-01 4.71E-02
3.77E-01 4.72E-02
3.79E-01 4.73E-02
3.82E-01 4.74E-02
3.84E-01 4.75E-02
3.87E-01 4.76E-02
3.89E-01 4.76E-02
3.92E-01 4.77E-02
3.95E-01 4.78E-02
3.97E-01 4.79E-02
4.00E-01 4.80E-02
4.03E-01 4.81E-02
4.06E-01 4.82E-02
4.08E-01 4.82E-02
4.11E-01 4.83E-02
4.14E-01 4.84E-02
4.17E-01 4.85E-02
4.19E-01 4.86E-02
4.22E-01 4.87E-02
4.25E-01 4.88E-02
4.28E-01 4.88E-02
4.31E-01 4.89E-02
4.34E-01 4.90E-02
4.37E-01 4.91E-02
4.40E-01 4.92E-02
4.43E-01 4.93E-02
4.46E-01 4.93E-02
4.49E-01 4.94E-02
4.52E-01 4.95E-02
4.55E-01 4.96E-02
4.58E-01 4.97E-02
4.61E-01 4.97E-02
4.64E-01 4.98E-02
4.67E-01 4.99E-02
4.71E-01 5.00E-02
4.74E-01 5.01E-02
4.77E-01 5.02E-02
4.80E-01 5.02E-02
4.83E-01 5.03E-02
4.87E-01 5.04E-02
4.90E-01 5.05E-02
4.93E-01 5.06E-02
4.97E-01 5.06E-02
5.00E-01 5.07E-02
5.03E-01 5.08E-02
5.07E-01 5.09E-02
5.10E-01 5.10E-02
5.14E-01 5.10E-02
5.17E-01 5.11E-02
5.21E-01 5.11E-02
5.24E-01 5.12E-02
5.28E-01 5.12E-02
5.31E-01 5.13E-02
5.35E-01 5.13E-02
5.39E-01 5.14E-02
5.42E-01 5.15E-02
5.46E-01 5.15E-02
5.50E-01 5.16E-02
5.53E-01 5.16E-02
5.57E-01 5.17E-02
5.61E-01 5.17E-02
5.65E-01 5.18E-02
5.68E-01 5.18E-02
5.72E-01 5.19E-02
5.76E-01 5.19E-02
5.80E-01 5.20E-02
5.84E-01 5.20E-02
5.88E-01 5.21E-02
5.92E-01 5.21E-02
5.96E-01 5.22E-02
6.00E-01 5.22E-02
6.04E-01 5.23E-02
6.08E-01 5.24E-02
6.12E-01 5.24E-02
6.16E-01 5.25E-02
6.21E-01 5.25E-02
6.25E-01 5.26E-02
6.29E-01 5.26E-02
6.33E-01 5.27E-02
6.38E-01 5.27E-02
6.42E-01 5.28E-02
6.46E-01 5.28E-02
6.51E-01 5.29E-02
6.55E-01 5.29E-02
6.59E-01 5.30E-02
6.64E-01 5.30E-02
6.68E-01 5.31E-02
6.73E-01 5.31E-02
6.78E-01 5.32E-02
6.82E-01 5.32E-02
6.87E-01 5.33E-02
6.91E-01 5.33E-02
6.96E-01 5.34E-02
7.01E-01 5.34E-02
7.06E-01 5.35E-02
7.10E-01 5.35E-02
7.15E-01 5.36E-02
7.20E-01 5.36E-02
7.25E-01 5.37E-02
7.30E-01 5.37E-02
7.35E-01 5.38E-02
7.40E-01 5.38E-02
7.45E-01 5.39E-02
7.50E-01 5.39E-02
7.55E-01 5.40E-02
7.60E-01 5.40E-02
7.65E-01 5.41E-02
7.70E-01 5.41E-02
7.76E-01 5.42E-02
7.81E-01 5.42E-02
7.86E-01 5.43E-02
7.91E-01 5.43E-02
7.97E-01 5.44E-02
8.02E-01 5.44E-02
8.08E-01 5.45E-02
8.13E-01 5.45E-02
8.19E-01 5.46E-02
8.24E-01 5.46E-02
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4.25E+01 3.23E-04
4.28E+01 3.11E-04
4.31E+01 2.99E-04
4.34E+01 2.88E-04
4.37E+01 2.77E-04
4.40E+01 2.66E-04
4.43E+01 2.56E-04
4.46E+01 2.46E-04
4.49E+01 2.37E-04
4.52E+01 2.28E-04
4.55E+01 2.19E-04
4.58E+01 2.10E-04
4.61E+01 2.02E-04
4.64E+01 1.94E-04
4.67E+01 1.86E-04
4.71E+01 1.78E-04
4.74E+01 1.71E-04
4.77E+01 1.64E-04
4.80E+01 1.57E-04
4.83E+01 1.51E-04
4.87E+01 1.44E-04
4.90E+01 1.38E-04
4.93E+01 1.32E-04
4.97E+01 1.27E-04
5.00E+01 1.21E-04
答案 0 :(得分：2)
第一次运行Julia时，它将编译所有内容，这需要一点时间。第二次调用任何东西时，它已经被编译并快速运行。
调用两次函数，第二次调用会更快。
运行它时，我的第一个电话是2.750975 seconds，第二个电话是0.013358 seconds
两次通话我的意思是：
@time SA,PF=FAS2SA(FAS1,f_FAS,10.0,f_SA, 0.05) <---2.750975 seconds
@time SA,PF=FAS2SA(FAS1,f_FAS,10.0,f_SA, 0.05) <---0.013358 seconds
对于计时，使用BenchmarkTools更好，它会多次调用。替换
println(@time SA,PF=FAS2SA(FAS1,f_FAS,10.0,f_SA, 0.05))
与
using BenchmarkTools
@btime FAS2SA($FAS1,$f_FAS,10.0,$f_SA, 0.05)
输出为10.669 ms (125187 allocations: 6.17 MiB)
请注意您正在使用多少个分配和内存。这意味着您的代码可能仍会更快。我不会对其进行优化，因为它太长了。但我保证，如果您摆脱了所有这些分配，可以大大提高代码的速度。
通过实践，您将能够编写出与C和Fortran一样快的代码（我在非平凡的代码上已经见过好几次了），但这确实需要实践。您需要避免建立临时数组。
我建议至少阅读这些提示：