Question

说我上课了：

class x:

    def first_x_method(self):
        print 'doing first_x_method stuff...'

    def second_x_method(self):
        print 'doing second_x_method stuff...'

和这个装饰者

class logger:
    @staticmethod
    def log(func):
        def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
            try:
                print "Entering: [%s] with parameters %s" % (func.__name__, args)
                try:
                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
                except Exception, e:
                    print 'Exception in %s : %s' % (func.__name__, e)
            finally:
                print "Exiting: [%s]" % func.__name__
        return wrapped

我将如何编写另一个装饰器otherdecorator以便：

@otherdecorator(logger.log)
class x:

    def first_x_method(self):
        print 'doing x_method stuff...'

    def first_x_method(self):
        print 'doing x_method stuff...'

与

相同

class x:
      @logger.log
      def first_x_method(self):
          print 'doing first_x_method stuff...'

      @logger.log
      def second_x_method(self):
        print 'doing second_x_method stuff...'

或实际上取代

@otherdecorator(logger.log)
class x:

带

@otherdecorator 
class x:

其他装饰者包含所有功能（我不是蟒蛇人，所以要温柔）

Answer 1

除非有明确的理由将类用作装饰器，否则我认为使用函数来定义装饰器通常更容易。

这是创建类装饰器trace的一种方法，它使用log装饰器来装饰类的所有方法：

import inspect


def log(func):
    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
        try:
            print("Entering: [%s] with parameters %s" % (func.__name__, args))
            try:
                return func(*args, **kwargs)
            except Exception as e:
                print('Exception in %s : %s' % (func.__name__, e))
        finally:
            print("Exiting: [%s]" % func.__name__)
    return wrapped


def trace(cls):
    # https://stackoverflow.com/a/17019983/190597 (jamylak)
    for name, m in inspect.getmembers(cls, lambda x: inspect.isfunction(x) or inspect.ismethod(x)):
        setattr(cls, name, log(m))

    return cls


@trace
class X(object):
    def first_x_method(self):
        print('doing first_x_method stuff...')

    def second_x_method(self):
        print('doing second_x_method stuff...')


x = X()
x.first_x_method()
x.second_x_method()

的产率：

Entering: [first_x_method] with parameters (<__main__.X object at 0x7f19e6ae2e80>,)
doing first_x_method stuff...
Exiting: [first_x_method]
Entering: [second_x_method] with parameters (<__main__.X object at 0x7f19e6ae2e80>,)
doing second_x_method stuff...
Exiting: [second_x_method]

Answer 2

这是作为类实现的trace装饰器的一个版本，它允许另一个用例要求：传递函数来装饰装饰类的所有成员函数。

import inspect


def log(func):
    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
        try:
            print "Entering: [%s] with parameters %s" % (func.__name__, args)
            try:
                return func(*args, **kwargs)
            except Exception, e:
                print 'Exception in %s : %s' % (func.__name__, e)
        finally:
            print "Exiting: [%s]" % func.__name__
    return wrapped


class trace(object):

    def __init__(self, f):
        self.f = f

    def __call__(self, cls):
        for name, m in inspect.getmembers(cls, inspect.ismethod):
            setattr(cls, name, self.f(m))
        return cls


@trace(log)
class X(object):

    def first_x_method(self):
        print 'doing first_x_method stuff...'

    def second_x_method(self):
        print 'doing second_x_method stuff...'

x = X()
x.first_x_method()
x.second_x_method()

Python通过装饰类动态地将装饰器添加到类的方法中

2 个答案: