这是我的docker项目结构：
├── docker-compose-dev.yml
├── docker-compose-prod.yml
└── services
├── client
│ ├── Dockerfile-dev
│ ├── Dockerfile-prod
├── nginx
│ ├── Dockerfile-dev
│ ├── Dockerfile-prod
│ ├── dev.conf
│ └── prod.conf
└── web
├── Dockerfile-dev <----- THIS
├── Dockerfile-prod <----- THIS
├── entrypoint-prod.sh
├── entrypoint.sh
├── htmlcov
├── manage.py
├── project
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── api
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── models.py
│ │ ├── templates
│ │ │ └── index.html
│ │ └── users.py
│ ├── config.py
│ ├── db
│ │ ├── Dockerfile
│ │ └── create.sql
└── requirements.txt
在开发阶段，我的项目的docker images已成功 创建，并且使用：
$ docker-compose -f docker-compose-dev.yml up --build
Dockerfile-dev 在“网络”服务上
# base image
FROM python:3.6-alpine
# install dependencies
RUN apk update && \
apk add --virtual build-deps gcc python-dev musl-dev && \
apk add libffi-dev && \
apk add postgresql-dev && \
apk add netcat-openbsd && \
apk add bind-tools && \
apk add --update --no-cache g++ libxslt-dev && \
apk add jpeg-dev zlib-dev
ENV PACKAGES="\
dumb-init \
musl \
libc6-compat \
linux-headers \
build-base \
bash \
git \
ca-certificates \
freetype \
libgfortran \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
openblas \
tcl \
tk \
libssl1.0 \
"
ENV PYTHON_PACKAGES="\
numpy \
matplotlib \
scipy \
scikit-learn \
nltk \
"
RUN apk add --no-cache --virtual build-dependencies python3 \
&& apk add --virtual build-runtime \
build-base python3-dev openblas-dev freetype-dev pkgconfig gfortran \
&& ln -s /usr/include/locale.h /usr/include/xlocale.h \
&& python3 -m ensurepip \
&& rm -r /usr/lib/python*/ensurepip \
&& pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools \
&& ln -sf /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python \
&& ln -sf pip3 /usr/bin/pip \
&& rm -r /root/.cache \
&& pip install --no-cache-dir $PYTHON_PACKAGES \
&& pip3 install 'pandas<0.21.0' \
&& apk del build-runtime \
&& apk add --no-cache --virtual build-dependencies $PACKAGES \
&& rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
# set working directory
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
# add and install requirements
COPY ./requirements.txt /usr/src/app/requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
# add entrypoint.sh
COPY ./entrypoint.sh /usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh
RUN chmod +x /usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh
# add app
COPY . /usr/src/app
# run server
CMD ["/usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh"]
docker ps -as向我展示了在locahost中运行的项目：
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES SIZE
f88c27e5334f dev3_nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 14 hours ago Up 14 hours 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp dev3_nginx_1 2B (virtual 16.1MB)
f77eb7949fef dev3_client "npm start" 14 hours ago Up 14 hours 0.0.0.0:3007->3000/tcp dev3_client_1 55B (virtual 553MB)
33b1b50931a6 dev3_web "/usr/src/app/entryp…" 14 hours ago Up 14 hours 0.0.0.0:5001->5000/tcp dev3_web_1 35.3kB (virtual 3.32GB)
0e28363ab85a dev3_web-db "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 days ago Up 14 hours 0.0.0.0:5435->5432/tcp dev3_web-db_1 63B (virtual 71.7MB)
但是我不能使用以下内容构建生产图像：
$ docker-compose -f docker-compose-prod.yml up --build
Dockerfile-prod 在“网络”服务上
(...the same as Dockerfile-dev from top to here)
# set working directory
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
# add and install requirements
COPY ./requirements.txt /usr/src/app/requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
# new
# add entrypoint.sh
COPY ./entrypoint.sh /usr/src/app/entrypoint-prod.sh
RUN chmod +x /usr/src/app/entrypoint-prod.sh
# add app
COPY . /usr/src/app
# new
# run server
CMD ["/usr/src/app/entrypoint-prod.sh"]
numpy之后，生产版本中的会挂起，并且永远无法解析。
(...)
Collecting pip
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
Requirement already up-to-date: setuptools in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (40.8.0)
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 19.0.2
Uninstalling pip-19.0.2:
Successfully uninstalled pip-19.0.2
Successfully installed pip-19.0.3
Collecting numpy
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2b/26/07472b0de91851b6656cbc86e2f0d5d3a3128e7580f23295ef58b6862d6c/numpy-1.16.1.zip (5.1MB)
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/89/0c/653aec68e9cfb775c4fbae8f71011206e5e7fe4d60fcf01ea1a9d3bc957f/matplotlib-3.0.2.tar.gz (36.5MB)
# HANGS HERE ˆˆˆˆˆ
问题似乎不是matplotlib，因为如果我删除此软件包，它会挂在scipy，numpy之后的下一个，依此类推...
注意：我试图不在localhost上建立生产，而是在docker-machine上建立生产。
$ docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
testdriven-dev - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 v18.09.1
testdriven-prod * amazonec2 Running tcp://18.234.200.115:2376 v18.09.1 <------ THIS ONE
具有：
$ docker-machine env testdriven-dev
$ eval $(docker-machine env testdriven-prod)
$ export REACT_APP_WEB_SERVICE_URL=http://18.234.200.115
$ docker-compose -f docker-compose-prod.yml up -d --build
env被修剪掉了任何悬空的图像。
为什么会这样？任何帮助将不胜感激。
编辑：
按照评论的建议，我进入docker-machine来检查构建期间的CPU使用情况，并且在挂起时，这就是我得到的：
$ docker-machine ssh testdriven-prod free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1014540 136296 632136 10712 246108 692056
Swap: 0 0 0
和：
$ docker-machine ssh testdriven-prod df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 488M 0 488M 0% /dev
tmpfs 100M 11M 89M 11% /run
/dev/xvda1 16G 2.2G 14G 14% /
tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/1000
SSH：
top - 01:34:52 up 18 days, 23:47, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
Tasks: 109 total, 1 running, 108 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.3 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 1014540 total, 594752 free, 124092 used, 295696 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 698272 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
8363 root 20 0 435240 21768 3124 S 0.3 2.1 30:07.40 containerd
1 root 20 0 185312 4916 2996 S 0.0 0.5 0:12.98 systemd
更多：
ubuntu@testdriven-prod:~$ ps aux -Hww
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:37 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:17 [rcu_sched]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [rcu_bh]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [migration/0]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:07 [watchdog/0]
root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [kdevtmpfs]
root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [netns]
root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [perf]
root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [xenwatch]
root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [xenbus]
root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [khungtaskd]
root 18 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [writeback]
root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN Feb03 0:00 [ksmd]
root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN Feb03 0:03 [khugepaged]
root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [crypto]
root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [kintegrityd]
root 23 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 24 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [kblockd]
root 25 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [ata_sff]
root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [md]
root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [devfreq_wq]
root 30 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:07 [kswapd0]
root 31 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [vmstat]
root 32 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [fsnotify_mark]
root 33 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [ecryptfs-kthrea]
root 49 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [kthrotld]
root 50 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 51 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 52 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 53 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 54 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 55 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 56 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 57 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 58 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 59 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 60 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 61 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 62 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 63 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 64 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 65 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 66 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 67 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 68 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 69 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 70 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 71 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 72 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 73 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 74 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root 75 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
root 76 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
root 77 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
root 79 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 83 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
root 96 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [deferwq]
root 258 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [raid5wq]
root 288 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [bioset]
root 310 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:06 [jbd2/xvda1-8]
root 311 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [ext4-rsv-conver]
root 386 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [iscsi_eh]
root 389 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [ib_addr]
root 392 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [ib_mcast]
root 394 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [ib_nl_sa_wq]
root 397 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [ib_cm]
root 398 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [iw_cm_wq]
root 399 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [rdma_cm]
root 411 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb03 0:00 [kauditd]
root 541 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:02 [kworker/0:1H]
root 23959 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [xfsalloc]
root 23960 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Feb03 0:00 [xfs_mru_cache]
root 12186 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Feb21 0:00 [kworker/u30:2]
root 12198 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 00:21 0:00 [kworker/u30:1]
root 12219 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 00:21 0:00 [kworker/0:0]
root 13607 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 02:16 0:00 [kworker/0:2]
root 1 0.0 0.4 185312 5020 ? Ss Feb03 0:13 /lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 27
root 366 0.0 0.2 28352 2212 ? Ss Feb03 0:04 /lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root 437 0.0 0.0 102968 372 ? Ss Feb03 0:00 /sbin/lvmetad -f
root 942 0.0 0.2 16116 2780 ? Ss Feb03 0:00 /sbin/dhclient -1 -v -pf /run/dhclient.eth0.pid -lf /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.eth0.leases -I -df /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient6.eth0.leases eth0
root 1091 0.0 0.2 26068 2048 ? Ss Feb03 0:01 /usr/sbin/cron -f
daemon 1097 0.0 0.1 26044 1664 ? Ss Feb03 0:00 /usr/sbin/atd -f
message+ 1101 0.0 0.1 42992 1704 ? Ss Feb03 0:01 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation
root 1110 0.0 0.3 272944 3360 ? Ssl Feb03 0:20 /usr/lib/accountsservice/accounts-daemon
root 1113 0.0 0.6 636464 7008 ? Ssl Feb03 0:07 /usr/bin/lxcfs /var/lib/lxcfs/
root 1139 0.0 0.2 28616 2452 ? Ss Feb03 0:01 /lib/systemd/systemd-logind
syslog 1140 0.0 0.2 260628 2228 ? Ssl Feb03 0:01 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
root 1151 0.0 0.1 4396 1312 ? Ss Feb03 0:00 /usr/sbin/acpid
root 1157 0.0 0.0 5220 116 ? Ss Feb03 0:38 /sbin/iscsid
root 1158 0.0 0.3 5720 3508 ? S<Ls Feb03 3:04 /sbin/iscsid
root 1172 0.0 0.0 13372 144 ? Ss Feb03 0:00 /sbin/mdadm --monitor --pid-file /run/mdadm/monitor.pid --daemonise --scan --syslog
root 1263 0.0 0.1 12840 1588 ttyS0 Ss+ Feb03 0:00 /sbin/agetty --keep-baud 115200 38400 9600 ttyS0 vt220
root 1266 0.0 0.1 14656 1472 tty1 Ss+ Feb03 0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
root 8363 0.1 2.1 435240 21768 ? Ssl Feb03 30:09 /usr/bin/containerd
root 9248 0.0 5.6 583988 57744 ? Ssl Feb03 18:11 /usr/bin/dockerd -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2376 -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock --storage-driver overlay2 --tlsverify --tlscacert /etc/docker/ca.pem --tlscert /etc/docker/server.pem --tlskey /etc/docker/server-key.pem --label provider=amazonec2
root 24091 0.0 0.1 277088 1652 ? Ssl Feb03 0:00 /usr/lib/policykit-1/polkitd --no-debug
root 1068 0.0 0.2 65512 2616 ? Ss Feb09 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 13498 0.0 0.6 92800 6580 ? Ss 01:32 0:00 sshd: ubuntu [priv]
ubuntu 13560 0.0 0.3 92800 3352 ? S 01:32 0:01 sshd: ubuntu@pts/0
ubuntu 13561 0.0 0.5 21388 5104 pts/0 Ss 01:32 0:00 -bash
ubuntu 13617 0.0 0.3 36228 3332 pts/0 R+ 02:23 0:00 ps aux -Hww
root 31239 0.0 1.5 292584 15836 ? Ssl Feb13 0:20 /usr/lib/snapd/snapd
systemd+ 22714 0.0 0.1 100324 1816 ? Ssl Feb20 0:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-timesyncd
root 23340 0.0 0.2 42124 2484 ? Ss Feb20 0:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
ubuntu 13500 0.0 0.4 45148 4608 ? Ss 01:32 0:00 /lib/systemd/systemd --user
ubuntu 13505 0.0 0.2 208764 2032 ? S 01:32 0:00 (sd-pam)